武伟男++杨平

摘 要：系统对比了高斯多烟团模式与SLAB模型模拟液氨储罐泄漏后的氨气扩散特征。结果表明，两种模型的模拟结果存在较为明显差异。在模拟设定条件下，事故发生点下风向60～2000 m范围内，SLAB模型得到的最高浓度高于多烟团模式，前者是后者的1.01～35.2倍，且差别随距离增大而增大。事故发生点下风向600 m以内，SLAB模型模拟得到的横向影响距离大于多烟团模式；而在下风向600 m以外，多烟团模式模拟得到的横向距离大于SLAB模型，差距随下风向距离增加而增大。下风向同一地点，SLAB模型得到的氨气最高浓度出现时间较多烟团模式较早，SLAB模型计算得到的氨气烟团出现到消散时间也较多烟团模式更短。上述结果可为化学品泄漏导致突发环境事件的预防和应急中模型选择提供参考。

关键词：液氨 泄漏 扩散模拟 多烟团模型 SLAB模型

中图分类号：X937 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-098X（2017）03（b）-0024-05

Diffusion Simulation of Liquid Ammonia Leakage

Comparison of the Multi-puff Model and SLAB Model

Wu Weinan1 Yang Ping2

（1.Solid waste Management Center in Liaoning Provine， Shenyang Liaoning， 110161， China； 2.Panjin Liaoning Fried Dough Sticks as for as sludge Treatment and Utillzation co.， LTD，Panjing Liaoing，124218，China）

Abstract：Simulation results of diffusion after liquid ammonia leakage calculated by the Gaussian multi-puff model and SLAB model were systematically compared. Results showed that there were obvious differences between the two models. Under the setting conditions， the round maximum ammonia concentrations simulated by the SLAB model were higher than those by the multi-puff model within 60 to 2000 m downstream the resource. And the former was 1.01 to 35.2 times that of the latter， and the difference increased with increasing distance. Higher cross-affected distances were found by SLAB model within 600 m downstream the resource， while cross-affected distances simulated by the multi-puff model were higher outside 600 m downstream， and the differences between the two models increases with the distances. In the same location downwind， the highest concentration of ammonia came earlier in SLAB model， while the time period from appearance and dissipation was shorter in multi-puff model. These results may provide a reference on diffusion model selection for prevention and response of environmental emergencies caused by chemical releases.

Key Words：Liquid ammonia；Leakage；Diffusion simulation；Multi-plume model；SLAB model

近年来，突发性环境事件频发。以液氨等有毒气体泄漏为代表的突发性环境事件往往导致严重后果，易形成大面积的危险区域，对周围的环境和人员造成严重的危害。液氨是一种易燃易爆、有毒有害的化工原料，有腐蚀性并极易挥发。低浓度氨对粘膜有刺激作用，高浓度可造成组织溶解坏死[1]。氨气泄漏和爆炸事故往往会导致众多人员中毒或死亡，给公众的生命健康和环境安全造成非常严重的影响。2013年6月3日，吉林省德惠市宝源丰禽业有限公司因氨气泄漏爆炸，导致121人死亡，76人受伤，直接经济损失1.82亿元；……