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濒危特有种掌叶木的微卫星遗传多样性研究

2017-05-30滕婕华卫家贤李象钦李超群倪敏翁乐逸谢国文

广西植物 2017年11期

滕婕华 卫家贤 李象钦 李超群 倪敏 翁乐逸 谢国文

摘要: 掌叶木居群具有较丰富的遗传多样性,该研究利用9对微卫星(SSR)分子标记揭示了掌叶木(Handeliodendron bodinieri)的遗传多样性。结果表明:观测等位基因数(Na)平均为3.903,有效等位基因数(Ne)平均为2.545,期望杂合度(He)平均为0.521,Shannons多态性信息指数(I)为0.962,PIC平均值为0.465。掌叶木的自然分布居群有相对较高的遗传多样性,但由于人为破坏等因素导致该群体濒危,而濒危并不是因为遗传多样性降低而造成的。居群间的遗传分化为掌叶木8个居群间的遗传一致度为(GI=0.849~0.970),遗传距离为(GD=0.032~0.164)。基于Neis遗传距离用UPGMA法对掌叶木居群进行聚类,Neis的基因分化系数为(Gst)为0.027,平均Nei标准遗传分化系数(G′stN)为0.031,平均Hericks标准遗传分化系数(G′stH)为0.064,基因流(Nm)为3.368。AMOVA分析结果表明:掌叶木居群间变异占3%,居群内变异占97%,居群内的遗传分化大于居群间的分化。利用Mantel检测发现,居群间的遗传距离与地理距离显著正相关(r=0.299,P<0.05)。该研究结果为掌叶木生物多样性和资源保护与利用提供了更充分的科学依据。

关键词: 掌叶木, 微卫星(SSR), 濒危植物, 遗传多样性, 毛细管电泳

中图分类号: Q949.9

文献标识码: A

文章编号: 10003142(2017)11147109

Abstract: Genetic diversity of Handeliodendron bodinieri was studied with microsatellite (SSR) markers. We used nine pairs polymorphic microsatellite loci to reveal that H. bodinieri was rich in genetic diversity. Average number of alleles (Na) and effective number of alleles (Ne) were 3.903 and 2.545 respectively. The mean expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.521 and Shannons diversity (I) was 0.962 and PIC=0.465. Natural populations of H. bodinieri had relatively high level of genetic diversity, however the genetic diversity of the populations were reduced due to factors like sabotage. The majority of genetic variation occurred within populations. The genetic distance

(GD) and genetic identity (GI) among eight populations of H. bodinieri were 0.032-0.164, 0.849-0.970, respectively. According to genetic distance UPGMA, genetic differentiation (Gst = 0.027), G′stN=0.031, G′stH=0.064 and gene flow (Nm) was 3.368. The results analyzed by AMOVA showed that the variation among the populations was 3%, while the variation within the populations was 97%. Mantel test revealed that there was positive correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance(r=0.299, P<0.05) among the populations. The results are helpful to develop scienfific and valid strategies for protecting the biodiversity of H. bodinieri.

Key words: Handeliodendron bodinieri, microsatellite(SSR), endangered plant, genetic diversity, capillary electrophoresis

掌葉木(Handeliodendron bodinieri)属于无患子科(Sapindaceae)掌叶木属(Handeliodendron)植物,是中国特有单种属中国孑遗植物(傅立国和金鉴明,1992),又称鸭脚板、平舟木、韩德木,被列为国家I级保护植物。仅分布于我国广西与贵州接壤的喀斯特地貌的石灰岩山地常绿阔叶林中,海拔高度在500~900 m之间的疏林或林缘,密集的树林中较少。广西北部的乐业、田林、东兰、环江、南丹和贵州南部的荔波、平塘、独山等地(张著林等,2000)。木材质地坚硬,是用于工程建筑及制作家具的良好材料,且种子可用于榨油,具有重要的经济开发价值(贾良志和周俊,1987;……

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