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越南服装出口贸易发展的现状、问题及前景展望

2017-05-30郑国富

东南亚纵横 2017年2期

郑国富

摘要:1986年,越南推行革新开放政策,积极发展对外经贸合作。1986~2015年,越南服装出口贸易持续快速增长,贸易地位日漸彰显,已成为越南出口贸易的主力商品,是国家外汇收入重要来源;服装出口商品种类不断丰富;服装出口目标以美国、欧盟、日本等发达国家(地区)市场为主;服装类产品竞争优势较强,但总体却呈趋弱态势,国际与地区间竞争日益加剧;服装产业内贸易程度不足,仍以产业间贸易为主。新时期,越南服装产业与出口贸易发展迎来了重大机遇,同时也面临严峻挑战,应加快服装产业转型与升级,优化出口商品结构与层次,促进服装产业可持续、健康发展。

关键词:越南;服装出口贸易;产业升级

[中图分类号] F753.33.62 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1003-2479(2017)02-0087-06

Abstract: In 1986, Vietnam carried out the policy of reform and opening, and actively developed foreign trade and economic cooperation. From 1986 to 2015, Vietnams garment export trade has maintained continual and fast increase, and its trade position has been increasingly remarkable, becoming the main product in Vietnams export trade and the important source of foreign exchange income. The garment export products are increasingly varied. The garment export is mainly aimed at the markets in developed countries(regions) such as the USA, Europe, Japan and so on. The garment product has a strong competitive advantage, but on the whole it tends to be weak. The international and regional competitions are more and more intensified. The intra-industry trade of the garment is insufficient and the inter-industry trade plays a major role still. In the new period, Vietnams garment industry and export trade development ushers in great opportunities, and meanwhile faces serious challenges. Vietnam should speed up transformation and upgrading of the garment industry and optimize the structure and level of the export products so as to realize the sustainable and healthy development of the garment industry.

Key Words: Vietnam; Garment Export Trade; Industrial Upgrading

1986年,越南实施革新开放政策,积极融入世界经济体系,主动参与地区经贸合作,对外经贸关系格局发生重大调整。基于越南国民经济产业特征及其资源禀赋,服装产业成为其发展对外经贸合作的重要内容。30余年来,越南服装产业及出口贸易发展卓有成效,在承接国际产业转移、增加外汇收入和财税收入、创造就业岗位等方面“功不可没”,在国民经济中的地位也日益彰显。

一、越南服装出口贸易发展的历程与现状

(一)贸易总量

据越南国家统计局(GSO)统计资料显示,1986~2015年,越南服装出口贸易持续快速增长,贸易地位相对稳定,成为越南出口贸易的主力商品。1986年,越南服装出口贸易额为0.714亿美元,占当年该国外贸出口总额的9.05%,仅次于渔产品,位居第二位;……

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