李柱 张弢

摘要 将我国传统村落研究历史发展分为萌芽期、发展期、繁荣期，分析了我国传统村落研究进展，认为我国学术界对传统村落的研究趋势主要表现为从有形建筑向无形文化方向发展，从物质遗产保护向文化传承转变，从旅游开发向可持续发展保护理念转变。探讨了我国传统村落研究发展方向，强调要加强理论研究，丰富研究方法，加强对少数民族和偏远地区传统村落的调查研究，拓展传统村落保护研究的视角。

关键词 传统村落；古村落；乡村；传统文化；旅游开发

中图分类号 TU982.29 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）25-0253-04

Abstract The historical development of traditional villages in China was divided into the embryonic stage， the developing stage and the prosperous period，while the research progress of traditional villages in China was analyzed. Research tendency of academic circles in traditional villages in China was mainly manifested as that it developed from tangible architecture to invisible culture， changed from material heritage protection to cultural heritage， and transformed from tourism development to sustainable development protection. The research and development direction of traditional villages in China was discussed， which emphasized the need to strengthen theoretical research and enrich research methods， strengthen the investigation and study of traditional villages in ethnic minorities and remote areas， expand the perspective of traditional village protection research.

Key words Traditional villages；Ancient villages；Rural area；Traditional culture；Tourism development

傳统村落，俗称古村落，又称历史文化村落或历史村落，是古代保存下来，村落地域基本未变，村落环境、建筑、历史文脉、传统氛围等均保存较好，在现代环境里仍能见到的古代村落[1]。传统村落拥有丰富的具有重要历史价值的物质遗产和非物质文化遗产，蕴藏着丰富的历史文化信息和自然生态景观资源，是我国传统文化和民俗文化的重要载体和中华民族的精神家园。我国作为一个拥有五千年文明史的多民族国家，历史悠久，文化积淀厚重，传统村落众多。然而，长期以来，伴随着我国农业现代化、乡村城镇化、郊区城镇化和新农村建设、乡村旅游开发、城乡统筹发展的多重挑战和冲击，传统村落正在遭受建设性、旅游性、开发性破坏，甚至濒临消亡。目前，“千村一面、万村一貌”的特色危机已成为我国传统村落的共性问题[2]。……