陈丽娜 陈石 杜彩娴 庄华才 吕顺 高芳云 李洪波

摘 要 为了探明不同覆盖方式防雨棚对空气温、湿度及周年蔬菜生长的影响，分别在“防雨棚（四周空）”、“防雨棚+网（四周覆盖防虫网）”和“露地”轮作“菜心-菜心-番茄/辣椒”，并利用温湿度记录仪监测全年的气温及空气相对湿度。结果表明，全年白天“防雨棚”和“防雨棚+网”的气温稍高于“露地”，但平均最高气温的差异不超过3 ℃。全年白天“防雨棚”的空气相对湿度最高、“防雨棚+网”与“露地”接近或更低。全年保持40%～80%空气相对湿度的时长比例，“防雨棚”、“防雨棚+网”和“露地”依次为50.4%、38.6%和43.3%。在蔬菜生产中，“防雨棚”显著增加菜心产量，增产33.0%～57.5%，减少虫害发生；“防雨棚+网”菜心产量介于“防雨棚”和“露地”之间，差异不显著，但防虫效果突出且稳定，虫叶率在7%以下，虫情指数在2以下。“防雨棚”、“防雨棚+网”减少番茄死苗率64%以上，增加番茄产量近3倍，提高辣椒产量近1倍。因此，“防雨棚”和“防雨棚+网”周年空气温、湿度环境适宜华南地区蔬菜生长，“菜心-菜心-番茄/辣椒”的周年轮作模式适宜在“防雨棚”和“防雨棚+网”推广。

关键词 防雨棚；气温；空气相对湿度；菜心；番茄；辣椒；产量

中图分类号 S626.4 文献标识码 A

Abstract The effects of temperature， humidity as well as vegetable growth under 2 types of rain proof cover annually were studied. Cropping twice with Chinese flowering cabbage and then tomato/pepper under three treatments rain proof cover with empty around（RPC）， insect proof net around（RPC+IPN）， the outside， at the same time monitor temperature and humidity was used. The results showed that temperature in RPC and RPC+IPN was higher than the outside in the daytime yearly， but differences less than 3 ℃. The average relative humidity of RPC was the highest， while the RPC+IPN was close or lower to outside in the daytime yearly. The length ratio of relative humidity among 40%-80% under the three treatments was 50.4%（RPC）， 38.6%（RPC+IPN）， 43.3%（outside）， respectively. RPC significantly increased Chinese flowering cabbage yield（by 33.0%-57.5%）， as well decreased insects. RPC+IPN increased Chinese flowering cabbage yield without significant difference to RPC and the outside. The insect proof of RPC+IPN was outstanding， the insect leaves rate was lower than 7% and the pest index was lower than 2. Tomato death seedling rate of RPC and RPC+IPN decreased 64%， tomato yield increased by 3 times and pepper yield nearly doubled. The temperature and relative humidity fit for vegetable growth in south China， and the vegetable rotation pattern in the experiment is suitable to promote in RPC and RPC+IPN.

Key words rain proof cover； air temperature； relative humidity； Chinese flowering cabbage； tomato； pepper； yield

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2017.03.017

設施农业是我国现代农业发展的重要标志，是推动农业科技与传统农业结合、带动农业转型升级的最直接表现形式[1]。防雨棚和防虫网棚设施简易，造价较温室大棚低，回报率高，群众接受程度高，是适合华南地区蔬菜栽培的特色大棚[2]。防虫网对蔬菜生长的影响[3-4]、病害[5]和虫害[6]的防控、温湿度监测[7]和模拟[8]等均已有研究报道。……