阎勇　马增凤　秦钢　陈远孟　秦媛媛　颜群　刘驰　张月雄　黄大辉

摘要：【目的】评价分析华南地区常用籼稻亲本稻瘟病抗性及抗性基因，为水稻稻瘟病抗性育种提供理论依据。【方法】利用人工接种鉴定对52份华南地区常用籼稻亲本进行稻瘟病抗性分析，同时利用分子标记检测稻株携带的抗性基因，分析亲本材料稻瘟病抗性与其所携带稻瘟病抗性基因间的关系。【结果】从52份适应华南生态条件的籼稻亲本材料中筛选获得4份广谱抗源（2份抗谱为100.0%，2份抗谱为92.9%）；常规稻较恢复系和保持系具有更高的稻瘟病抗性。ZA1、ZA9和ZB9生理小种较ZB1和ZB5生理小种表现出更强的致病力，具有较低的抗性频率。Pi-ta和Pi54基因的出现频率最高，均为0.42；其次是Pib基因，出现频率为0.37；Pi-km基因的出现频率较低，仅0.06；所有籼稻亲本材料中均未检测出Pi9基因。携带Pib+Pi54+Pi-km和Pi-ta+Pib+Pi54三基因稻株的抗性高于所有单基因或双基因稻株。【结论】华南常用籼稻亲本材料中存在着优良的稻瘟病广谱抗源，可利用这些抗源拓宽育种材料的遗传背景，培育抗病优良品种。多个抗性基因聚合能有效提高稻株对稻瘟病不同生理小种的抗性，在育种实践中应加强多基因聚合材料的创制和利用研究。

关键词： 籼稻；稻瘟病；抗性基因；广谱抗源；华南地区

中图分类号： S511.21 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-1191（2017）04-0587-07

Abstract：【Objective】Blast resistance of main indica rice parent materials in South China and resistance genes were studied， in order to provide reference for blast resistant rice breeding. 【Method】Blast resistance of 52 indica rice parent materials in South China was analyzed by artificial inoculation. The resistance genes were detected by specific molecular markers. The relationship between blast resistance and resistance genes was analyzed. 【Result】Four materials（two with 100.0% resistant spectrum and two with 92.9% resistant spectrum） with broad spectrum resistance to blast were screened out of 52 parent materials. The conventional cultivars showed better resistance than that of maintainer and restorer lines. In comparison with ZB1 and ZB5， the races of ZA1， ZA9 and ZB9 showed stronger pathogenicity， with lower resistance frequency. The occurrence rates of Pi-ta gene and Pi54 gene（both were 0.42） were the highest， that of Pib（0.37） ranked the second. Pi-km gene had the lowest rate（0.06）. Pi9 gene was not found in all parent lines. The materials containing Pib+Pi54+Pi-km or Pi-ta+Pib+Pi54 showed higher resistance level than the plants with single or double resistance genes. 【Conclusion】Main indica rice patent materials in South China contain broad-spectrum resistance resources， which can broaden genetic background and breed resistant rice varieties. Multiple resistance genes pyramiding can strengthen the resistance of rice plant to different races of blast. More attention should be paid to the research and application of plants with multiple resistance genes.

Key words： indica rice； blast； resistance gene； broad-spectrum resistance resource； South China

0 引言

【研究意義】稻瘟病是由真菌[Mangnaporthe grisea （Hebert） barr]引起的一种世界性水稻病害，对水稻生产造成极其严重的危害（Zeigler et al.，1994；彭昌家等，2015）。近年来，稻瘟病对我国水稻造成的减产平均每年约44.6万t（刘万才等，2016），尤其华南地区高温高湿气候非常有利于水稻稻瘟病的流行，多次出现稻瘟病大面积暴发事件，严重危害我国粮食生产安全（朱小源等，2008，2010；……