咪鲜胺?戊唑醇及其复配剂对小麦赤霉病的防治效果
2017-05-30朱锦磊刘怀阿陆玉荣张春梅吉春明吕敏刘建凤
朱锦磊 刘怀阿 陆玉荣 张春梅 吉春明 吕敏 刘建凤
摘要[目的]筛选防治赤霉病的有效药剂。[方法]采用室内配方筛选试验和田间药剂防治试验研究咪鲜胺、戊唑醇及二者混配对对小麦赤霉病的防治效果。[结果]咪鲜胺、戊唑醇及咪鲜胺与戊唑醇复配可抑制赤霉病菌菌丝的生长,且咪鲜胺与戊唑醇复配无拮抗作用,按试验配比复配时,以咪鲜胺+戊唑醇(2∶1)的增效作用最好,增效系数为1.58。在供试的几种药剂中,咪鲜胺+戊唑醇(2∶1)复配剂对小麦赤霉病的田间防效较好,其病穗防效和病指防效分别为78.21%和86.72%,显著高于其他5种药剂。[结论]试验结果为生产中小麦赤霉病的药剂防治提供了参考。
关键词小麦赤霉病;咪鲜胺;戊唑醇;复配剂
中图分类号S435.121.4+5文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2017)08-0169-02
Control Effect of Prochloraz, Pebuconazole and Their Mixture on Wheat Scab (Fusarium graminearum)
ZHU Jinlei, LIU Huaie, LU Yurong et al
(Lixiahe Region Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225007)
Abstract[Objective] The aim was to screen out effective pesticides to control wheat scab. [Method] We studied control effect of prochloraz, pebuconazole and their mixture on wheat scab (Fusarium graminearum) by indoor formulation screening test and field control test. [Result] The prochloraz, tebuconazole and mixtures of them both could inhibit the myceliums growth of Fusarium graminearum and mixtures had no antagonism. When prochloraz was mixed with tebuconazole as 2∶1, it had the best additive effects (SR=1.58). The mixtures also showed excellent effect which was 78.21% and 86.72% to Fusarium in the field, higher than the other 5 pesticides significantly. [Conclusion] The result provided reference for chemical control of wheat scab.
Key wordsFusarium head blight;Prochloraz;Tebuconazole;Mixtures
小麥赤霉病(Fusarium head blight,FHB),又名红头瘴、烂麦头、麦穗枯、红麦头,主要是由禾谷镰孢(Fusarium graminearum Schw.)、黄色镰孢(Fusarium culmorum Sacc.)引起的真菌性病害[1]。小麦赤霉病是一种典型的气候型病害,小麦抽穗扬花期一旦遭遇连续高温阴雨天气,极易发生。该病在我国长江中下游地区常有流行,可造成小麦产量和品质的下降,影响小麦粮食生产安全和食品安全[2-4]。
选育抗病品种是防治赤霉病最经济有效的方法,但由于小麦对赤霉病的抗性水平属抗性[5-6],受环境影响较大,难以抵抗病菌的侵染危害。因此,目前生产上仍依赖化学防治,以多菌灵、三唑酮及其复配制剂为主,随着该类杀菌剂的长期使用,小麦赤霉病菌产生了极严重的抗药性。为筛选防治赤霉病的有效药剂,笔者选用2种常见的化学药剂,在测试单剂的基础上进一步研究了这2种药剂混配对小麦赤霉病的防治效果,以期为生产上小麦赤霉病的药剂防治提供参考。……
