对污染水环境犯罪刑事立法的探究及完善对策
2017-05-30白佳鑫陈卓媛刘文燕
白佳鑫 陈卓媛 刘文燕
摘要水是人类生存和发展的基础,我国水污染日益严重,已经威胁了人民健康,制约了经济发展。研究表明,我国现在的刑事立法还不够完善,存在如缺少具体的水污染犯罪罪名等问题。通过对水污染犯罪问题的研究,结合当前国内外的实际,总结出设立单独罪名、明确新设罪名概念、完善犯罪构成、弥补个罪法定刑等完善建议。
关键词水污染;刑法;犯罪构成;危险犯;法定刑
中图分类号D924.36文献标识码
A文章编号0517-6611(2017)08-0256-03
Exploration and Perfection of the Criminal Legislation of the Waterenvironment Pollution Crime
BAI Jiaxin,CHEN Zhuoyuan,LIU Wenyan*(College of Law, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin,Heilongjiang 150040)
AbstractWater is the foundation of human life and development, but waterpollution in China is more and more serious, which has threatened people's health and restricted the economic development. Researches show that, our country's criminal legislation is not perfect, and problems like lacking of specific charges of waterpollution crime exit. In this paper, through the research on the problem of waterpollution crime, and combining with the current situation at home and abroad, some suggestions were summed up, such as the establishment of a separate charge, clearing the concept of this crime, improving the constitution of crime, making up the crime of statutory sentence, distinguishing between crime and noncrime, the boundaries of such crimes.
Key wordsWaterpollution;Criminal law;Constitution of crime;Potential damage offense;Statutory sentence
目前我国《刑法修正案(八)》规定的污染环境罪具有很强的概括性和综合性,而水环境污染罪的特点以及犯罪构成都比较复杂,仅将其归入环境犯罪整体不利于本罪与环境刑法部分的他罪相互区分。此外,污染环境罪仅规定了“污染水体”并且与“污染土地”“污染大气”等规定在一起,而现实中它们的属性以及作用有很大差异。因此,设立专门的水环境污染犯罪的罪名具有相应的合理性、重要性、迫切性以及可行性。笔者拟就新设独立罪名——水环境污染犯罪在立法方面的问题进行研究,并针对出现的问题提出几点建议,希望对水环境污染犯罪立法的完善有所助益。
1污染水环境犯罪在立法上存在的问题
1.1关于水污染罪概念的界定模糊不清我国1979年的《刑法》没有水污染犯罪的规定,并且1997年新刑法修订之前采用的是附属立法的模式,而新修订的刑法在第6章“妨害社会管理秩序罪”中第338条规定了重大环境污染事故罪,而《刑法修正案(八)》又确立了污染环境罪。……
