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工资与劳动力对中国OFDI的影响机制

2017-05-26薛安伟刘玉博

软科学 2017年5期

薛安伟 刘玉博

摘要:利用2003~2014年的省际面板数据实证检验了工资和劳动力对中国OFDI的影响机制。研究发现由于劳动力数量和结构存在区域差异,导致东部和中西部地区的工资对 OFDI影响不同。劳动力数量的变化直接改变了要素结构而对OFDI产生直接效应,并通过工资水平变动对OFDI产生了间接效应。实证结果显示:东部地区工资上涨促进了OFDI,中西部地区的工资与OFDI负相关;劳动力数量增长的直接效应是抑制了中国的OFDI,但其间接效应对OFDI具有推动作用。

关键词:工资;劳动力;OFDI;要素结构

DOI:10.13956/j.ss.1001-8409.2017.05.08

中图分类号:F752;F241 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-8409(2017)05-0034-04

The Impact Mechanism of Wage and Labor on Chinas OFDI

——Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

XUE Anwei1,2,LIU Yubo3

(1.Institute of World Economy, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, Shanghai 200020;

2.Shanghai WTO Affairs Consultation Center, Shanghai 200336;

3. School of International Business Administration,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433)

Abstract: This paper analyzed the impact mechanism of wage and labor on OFDI by conducting an empirical test using Chinas panel data of 31 provinces from 2003 to 2014. It suggested that wage had different influence on OFDI in eastern, central and western regions, as labor quantity and structure was different in these regions. Changes in the labor quantity had a direct effect on OFDI by changing the factor structure, and it also influenced OFDI indirectly through changing wage levels. The empirical result showed that, wage had a positive effect on OFDI in the eastern region, whereas it had a negative effect in the central and western regions, but the labor quantity had different impact on OFDI.

Key words:wages; labor; OFDI; factor structure

當前,工资和劳动力对中国经济的制约逐渐加强。改革开放以来,中国经济表现出外资推动型的发展模式,外商直接投资(FDI)常年超过对外直接投资(OFDI),投资与贸易呈现双顺差。但是,随着OFDI迅速增长,资本顺差的情况在2014年发生了转变,2014年OFDI增长,至1231亿美元,超过了FDI的1195亿美元,中国成为资本净输出国。实际上,中国OFDI从2005年起的快速增长与国内外环境密切相关。从国内环境看,中国经济经历了快速发展,提升了对外直接投资能力;从国际环境看,外部经济疲软为中国企业“走出去”创造了条件。党的十八届三中全会指出:“适应经济全球化新形势,必须推动对内对外开放相互促进、引进来和走出去更好结合,促进国际国内要素有序自由流动。”以OFDI获取国外高级生产要素,以OFDI输出国内优势要素,以双向投资推动国内经济转型升级是当前重要的研究课题。……

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