APP下载

主谓一致考点剖析与高分技巧

2017-05-16马国民

试题与研究·高考英语 2017年1期
关键词:典例单数空格

马国民

河南

主谓一致是高考频繁考查的重要考点之一,在备考中,需要掌握其命题规律与答题技巧。

一、高频考点剖析

1.当or,nor, either...or,neither...nor,not only ...but (also)等连接并列主语时,谓语动词与邻近的主语保持一致。

【典例】Either my teachers or our headmaster ________ (be)to hand out the prizes to those gifted students in the meeting hall tomorrow.

解析:is。“Either...or...”连接的是并列主语,故空格处应与our headmaster保持一致,结合语境可知,is符合题意。

2.当and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物、同一概念或and连接的并列主语前有each,every,many a,no等修饰时,谓语动词使用单数。

【典例】The writer and teacher ________ (go)through millions of ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.

解析:has gone。空前的两个名词指的是同一个人,故空格处用单数形式,结合关键词since和语境可知,空格处应用现在完成时。

3.当动名词(短语)、不定式(短语)或主语从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。

【典例1】Memorizing hundreds of English words ________ (be)always a big headache for many students.

解析:is。动名词短语“Memorizing hundreds of English words”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,结合语境可知,空格处应用一般现在时。

【典例2】(改错)What I liked best were the free high-speed Internet connection in the room.

解析:were→was。主语从句“What I liked best”作主语,谓语动词应用单数形式,故were改为was。

4.当“a (large)quantity of+可数名词或不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词常用单数,而“(large)quantities of+可数名词或不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词常用复数。

【典例】It is reported that large quantities of drinking water ________ (need)in the earthquake-hit area every day.

解析:are needed。“large quantities of drinking water”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,而主语是动作的承受者,结合句尾的状语和语境可知,空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。

5.当单复数同形的名词works,means,species,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese等作主语时,前有a,such a,this,that,each,every等修饰时,表单数含义,谓语动词用单数;当这些词前有all,these,many,those等修飾时,表复数含义,谓语动词用复数。

【典例】So far, every possible means ________ (use)to prevent the air pollution there.

解析:has been used。主语“every possible means”是承受者,且是单数概念,结合句首的状语和语境可知,空格处应用一般现在时的被动语态。

6.当主语后跟有but,except,including,like,with,as well as,along with,in addition to,rather than,together with等内容时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。

【典例】The father as well as his three children ________ (go)skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

解析:goes。空格处作为谓语动词应与主语father保持一致,结合语境可知,空格处应用一般现在时态。

7.当“more than one/ many a +单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

【典例】It is reported that many a new house ________ (build)at present in a disaster area.

解析:is being built。主语是“many a new house”,谓语动词应用单数形式;主语是动作的承受者,结合语境可知,空格处应用现在进行时的被动语态。

8.“the number of +复数名词或复数代词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数;“a (good/ large)number of+复数名词或复数代词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

【典例】Last week, the number of people invited ________ (be)fifty, but a number of them________ (be)absent for different reasons.

解析:was;were。“the number of people”作主语时,谓语动词用单数,而“a number of them”作主语时,谓语动词用复数,结合时间状语可知,两个空格处应用一般过去时。

9.当“part/ the rest/ 分数/ 百分数/ most/ some/ half+ of+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,of之后是复数名词时,谓语动词应用复数形式。

【典例】One third of the country ________ (be)covered with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people.

解析:is。根据语境可知,空格处应用一般现在时,而“分数+of +单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,故填is。

【知识延伸】population的用法不符合这一规律,该词单独作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,前有分数或百分数等一类词时,谓语动词使用复数。例如:

The population of our village is twice as large as that of theirs. 我们村的人口是他们村的两倍。

Two thirds of the population are living below the poverty line there. 在那里,三分之二的人口生活在貧困线以下。

10.当定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。

【典例】This is the only one of the oldest customs that ________ (keep)up in this district up to now.

解析:has been kept。one是定语从句的先行词,关系词在从句中作主语,故空格处用单数形式;关系词是动作的承受者,结合句尾的状语和语境可知,空格处应用现在完成时的被动语态。需要注意的是,如果one之前没有“the only”修饰,则customs是先行词。

11.当题干是强调句型时,即“It is/ was +被强调部分+ that/ who +其他”,如果对主语强调时,谓语动词与被强调部分保持一致。

【典例】It is what the pupils do in their spare time that really ________ (prepare)them to take their place in society as citizens when they grow up.

解析:prepares。题干整体上是强调句型,对主语从句“what the pupils do in their spare time”进行了强调,而主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;结合语境可知,空格处应用一般现在时。

12.当题干是倒装句时,需要判断出句子的主谓结构,谓语动词的单复数形式仍与句子的主语保持一致。

【典例】In front of my house ________ (live)a famous musician, who seems to have settled into life in China.

解析:lives。表示地点的介词短语位于句首时,句子采用全部倒装结构,空格处作为谓语动词应与主语musician保持一致,结合语境可知,空格处应用一般现在时。

二、高分技巧点拨

涉及主谓一致的考点时,试题往往结合动词时态和语态进行考查,因此在分析题干时,一方面需要结合好主谓一致的相关知识对谓语动词的单复数形式进行推敲判断,另一方面还需要结合语境对空格处所使用的时态或语态的种类进行分析,不可顾此失彼,二者需要兼顾,这样才能敲定答案,提高答题的准确率。

三、专题强化训练

(一)单句改错

1. The understanding between two friends mean both of them have similar ideas and trust each other.

2. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby; besides, Cleo tends to bark an average of six hours a day.

3. He would ask who we was and pretend not to know.

4. Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky— they looked like rain!

5. He works from morning till night and hard work have made him very ill.

6. Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught.

7. Good night and remember, you, dear diary, is my only souvenir from my past life and my only friend.

8. Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study and the findings will be used as materials for our research.

9. Luckily I had all my money in my pocket, but the only clothes I had was those I had on.

10. Katia, like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively.

11. After hearing your sad stories, he will say some words that is nice and warm.

12. There exist now a park that has a small river running through.

13. One day, while my friend and I was traveling through Germany, we were very hungry but we only had a little money.

14. John Brown is a London taxi driver who love going to the theatre.

15. As summer vacation are coming soon, my classmates are trying very hard to get train tickets to go home.

(二)單句填空

1. Many a student _________ (be) late for school because of bad weather yesterday morning.

2. As everyone knows, about two thirds of the earths surface_________ (be)covered by water.

3. The lake smells terrible because large quantities of water _________ (pollute)by now.

4. Either you or one of your students _________ (be)to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.

5. It is important to remember that success _________(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often _________(take)years to achieve.

6. China Daily attracts a worldwide readership, which _________ (show)that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

7. All we need ________(be)a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.

8. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others_________(be)essential to their development.

9. The university estimates that living expenses for international students _________(be)around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them.

10. Ten years ago the population of our village _________(be)twice as large as that of theirs.

11. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course and being too anxious to help an event develop often _________ (result)in the contrary to our intention.

12. Between the two buildings _________(stand)our library which is my favorite place on campus.

13. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what

(leave).

14. In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains __________ (force)village shops across the country to close.

15. The teacher together with the students _________(discuss)Reading Skills newly published in America now.

16. If people outside China learned a bit about jasmine tea culture,they would realize there _________ (be)a lot of enjoyment in it.

17. She is one of those who _________(be)always complaining about everything and hard to please.

18. How close teachers and friends are to the kids ________ (have)a strong influence on the development of their characters.

19. The country life he was used to ________ (change)greatly since 2013.

20. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _________(visit)a museum when the earthquake struck.

21. Two fifths of the land in that district _________(be)covered with trees and grass now.

22. The Princess and the Frog is a fairy musical that ________ (date)back to the days when Walt Disney was a person, not a brand.

23. Large quantities of water, as well as some other timely help including a medical team, _________(offer)since the serious drought hit Yunnan Province.

24. Among all the birthday gifts ________ (include)a DIY card, which I like best.

25.The farm as well as its neighboring hills we once spent so much time on ________ (take)on a new look since 2013.

26. Some experts believe it is the grandparents who _________ (be)to blame for the spoiled child.

27. Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which _________ (call)the Pacific, and we met no storm.

28. Shakespeares play Hamlet _________ (make)into at least ten different films over the past years.

29.This kind of glasses made in Shanghai _________ (wear)comfortably.

30. The number of people, who have access to their own cars, _________(rise)sharply in the past decade.

31. Modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers _________(send)to the village school last week.

32. Ever since it was presented to the United States by the people of France, the Statue of Liberty _________(be)a symbol of liberty for the Americans.

33. Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting_________(exhibit)at the culture show in 2015.

34. Across the Yangtze River _________(lie)more than one bridge, the Nanjing Changjiang Bridge being the first one.

35. My English teacher, as well as her students, _________(invite)to perform at the party last night.

36. So sudden _________ (be)the rain that people in the street all rushed in all directions to find a shelter.

37. No one in our class but Tom and I _________(know)that a new teacher is going to teach us English.

38. 40% of the students in our school _________(be)from the other parts of Hunan, which is relatively large number.

39. Still many Senior Three students havent realized reading English newspapers _________(be)of great help to their English study.

40. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _________ (keep)some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.

(三)語篇填空

A

Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a chance 1 (see)your friends again. But most exciting of all,the new term lets you take up new hobbies. In Britain 2 is common for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays. Promising to learn something new 3 (be)a common New Years resolution.

Most schools offer different kinds of hobby classes. Students 4 (usual)take them in their free periods or after school. You have to pay for some classes but some 5 (be)free. For example,I once took 6 free Wednesday evening gymnastics class 7 is offered by my school. But when I learnt how to play the drum,my parents had to pay for the lessons.

The most popular extra 8 (class) at my school were piano lessons and drama club. Both classes offered exams students could take. Students with many hobbies sometimes felt more stressed than those without any. But the students with hobbies left school with many extra skills.

I havent continued any of the hobbies I

9 (begin)at school. But I have never regretted 10 (take)them. My best friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics class.

B

One of the major holiday shopping

11 ( day)is the day after Thanksgiving. It is 12 (frequent)referred to as Black Friday. The use of the word “black” is related

13 the business accountants. Storekeepers used to record profits in black ink and losses in red ink. So 14 (be)“in the black” on the Friday after Thanksgiving means a good thing,a return to profits.

Black Friday is the big day for many retailers,and it presents the shopper an opportunity 15 (get)all of ones holiday shopping done at once among amazing sale prices. On that day,most retailers will open very early

16 usually provide massive and attractive discounts on their products,while

17 great number of holiday shoppers will get an early start in the morning to begin Christmas shopping.

Black Friday also means that people face crowded stores, 18 is the other idea of a “Black Friday”,a day they do not like. It used to be the 19 (busy)shopping day of a year. Many people avoid this shopping day altogether because of the stress involved in fighting the crowds. In recent years the Saturday before Christmas 20 (see)the biggest shopping crowds.

猜你喜欢

典例单数空格
高考动量试题典例评析
分式复习指导
单数和复数
趣填成语
空格填数
你来补缺的数
含容电磁感应问题典例剖析
走迷宫
PH的计算方法及典例分析
单数和双数