潘文爵

摘 要：黔东南地区各种传统民间活动繁多，根据现行的《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》的规定，传统民间活动组织者作为群众性活动的组织者，在未尽到安全保障义务造成他人损害时应当承担侵权责任。我国民事实体法和程序法对传统民间活动组织者这一特殊的民事主体并未作相关的界定和明确赋予其民事权利能力与民事行为能力，但依照侵权责任法的规定，传统民间活动组织者却要承担一定的民事责任，亦即法律实际上是承认传统民间活动组织者具备民事责任能力的。因此分析传统民间活动组织者作为民事主体的特征和资格，对于从立法上逐步消除这种权利义务责任脱节的矛盾和在实务中正确处理传统民间活动组织者权利义务责任有重要的现实意义。

关键词：民事主体 民间活动 组织者

On The Civil Subject Qualifications Of The Organizers

Of The Traditional Folk Activities

PAN wenjue

（Marxism Department of Kaili College， Kaili，Guizhou 556011， China）

Abstract： In the Miao and Dong Autonomous Region in the Southeast of Guizhou Province， all kinds of traditional folk activities take place frequently. According to the current regulations of “The Tort Liability Laws of the Peoples Republic of China”， the organizers of the traditional folk activities as the organizers of mass activities， who do not fulfill the obligation of security so as to cause damage to others shall bear tort liability. The Civil substantive Laws and the Procedural Laws in our country have not related for such special civil subjects， the organizers of the traditional folk activities， and not given them the capacity for civil rights and conducts， but according to the regulations of the Tort Liability Laws， the organizers of the traditional folk activities must undertake a certain amount of civil liability. That is to say， in fact， the laws are admitted that the organizers of the traditional folk activities have the capacity for civil liability. So we analyze the organizers of the traditional folk activities as the characteristics and qualifications of the civil subjects， which has important practical significance for eliminating the contradiction of the responsibility between the rights and obligations gradually in the legislation and handling the relationship between the rights， the obligations and the responsibilities of the organizers of the traditional folk activities correctly in the practice.

Key Words： Civil Subject ， Folk Activities， The organizers

貴州省黔东南地区是世界十八个少数民族文化保护圈之一，是中国30个少数民族自治州中少数民族人口最多、所占比例最高的少数民族自治州，居住着苗、侗、汉、水、瑶、壮、布衣、土家、仫佬、畬等民族，素有“歌舞海洋”、“百节之乡”的美誉。黔东南素有“百节之乡”的美称，一年中有节日集会200多个。节日活动丰富多彩，有唱歌跳舞、斗牛赛马、吹芦笙、踩铜鼓、赛龙舟、玩龙灯、唱侗戏等等。主要的民族节日有苗族的芦笙会、爬坡节、姊妹节、“四月八”、吃新节、龙舟节、苗族的苗年，侗族的侗年、泥人节、摔跤节、林王节、“三月三”歌节、“二十坪”歌节，水族的端节，瑶族的“盘王节”等等。……