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淄博市农村生活垃圾污染现状调查与特性分析

2017-04-12张照录孟庆梅季玮王艺崔继

湖北农业科学 2017年5期

张照录++孟庆梅++季玮++王艺++崔继红

摘要:以山东省淄博市周边农村为例,通过现场调查,发现农村生活垃圾存在收集处理率较低,随意排放现象突出;垃圾成分复杂,外部输入型生活垃圾增多;农村系统内部物质利用不当,自产型生活垃圾增多;环保设施建设落后等典型特点。通过取样分析,初步掌握了农村生活垃圾的物理组成、含水率、灰分及可燃物、元素构成、热值等特性资料,为农村生活垃圾的防治与处置提供了数据基础。

关键词:农村生活垃圾;污染现状调查;特性分析

中图分类号:X705 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)05-0845-03

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.05.012

Pollution Status Investigation and Features Analysis on Rural Domestic

Wastes in Zibo City

ZHANG Zhao-lua, MENG Qing-meia, JI Weia, WANG Yia, CUI Ji-hongb

(a.Faculty of Resources and Environmental Engineering;b.Business School,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,Shandong,China)

Abstract: The several villages around the Zibo city of Shandong province were selected as the research samples. Through field survey, we found the main characteristics of rural domestic wastes including discharge at will with low collecting and treating rate, complicated components accompanying more external wastes, more internal wastes because of misusing outputs from farmland, and with environmental infrastructures out of date. By sampling analysis, several features of rural domestic wastes such as physical components, moisture content, ash and combustible content, element content, and calorific values were presented, which would be helpful to prevent and treat rural domestic wastes.

Key words: rural domestic wastes; investigation on present pollution; features analysis

随着农村经济社会的快速发展,农村环境污染问题越来越严重,尤其是农村生活垃圾污染突出。据不完全测算,中国农村一年的生活垃圾量接近3亿t,全国仅有26.8%的行政村设有垃圾收集点,每年上亿吨的农村生活垃圾得不到任何处理而被随意弃置[1-3]。大量生活垃圾无序丢弃或露天堆放,对环境造成严重污染,不仅占用土地、破坏景观,而且还传播疾病,严重污染了水环境、土壤和空气以及人居环境[4,5]。

真正解决农村生活垃圾污染问题,需要对农村生活垃圾污染现状作调查分析,并取样研究农村生活垃圾的成分与特性,为防治工作提供坚实基础。以山东省淄博市周邊农村为例,选择20余个村庄开展现场调查与取样分析,共拍摄各类照片1 000余幅,随机采访居民和环保人士30余人次,调查农村生活垃圾产生和排放特征、处理现状、环保设施建设、管理政策和制度等。……

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