邹焱++王程栋++石俊雄++徐宜民++张恒

摘要：为了了解贵州省烟区植烟土壤肥力状况，在贵州省9个市（州）13个产烟县65个主要种烟乡镇采集土壤进行理化性状检测。结果表明，贵州省植烟土壤以酸性至中性土壤为主；土壤有机质含量较丰富，20～40 g/kg含量范围内的土壤占72.3%；土壤全氮和碱解氮含量较丰富，其中全氮含量主要在1.0 g/kg以上，碱解氮含量主要在90 mg/kg以上；土壤全磷和有效磷含量较丰富，其中全磷含量主要在0.8 g/kg以上，有效磷含量主要在10 mg/kg以上；土壤全钾含量中等，土壤速效钾含量较丰富，其含量主要在150 mg/kg以上；土壤氯离子含量适中，主要在30 mg/kg以下。因此，贵州省烟区需加强植烟土壤保育，增施有机肥，实行轮作，施用石灰中和改良酸性较严重土壤。

关键词：植烟土壤；养分含量；贵州省

中图分类号：S151.9+5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）05-0834-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.05.009

Analysis on Nutrient Contents Status of Tobacco-planting Soil in Guizhou Province

ZOU Yan1，WANG Cheng-dong2，SHI Jun-xiong1，XU Yi-min2，ZHANG Heng1，ZHU Jing-wei1

（1.Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science，Guiyang 550081，China；

2.Tobacco Research Institute， Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Qingdao 266101，Shandong，China）

Abstract： In order to explore the soil fertility conditions of tobacco-planting area in Guizhou，the pH value and soil nutrient contents were analyzed based on 65 main tobacco towns，13 county produced tobacco，9 cities. The results showed that the soil acidity was between acid and neutral. The soil organic matter was rich and the content in the range of 20～40 g/kg accounted for 72.3%. Soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen were rich， and total nitrogen content was mainly above 1.0 g/kg，and available nitrogen content was above 90 mg/kg. Soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus were rich，and total phosphorus content was mainly above 0.8 g/kg，available phosphorus content was mainly above 10 mg/kg. Soil total potassium content was at intermediate-level，available potassium was rich and the content was mainly above 150 mg/kg. Soil chloride ion content was mainly below 30 mg/kg. In conclusion，we need to strengthen soil conservation，including application of organic fertilizer，rotation and application of lime to improve acid soil.

Key words： tobacco-planting soil； nutrient contents； Guizhou province

貴州省是中国第二大烟叶产区，常年种植面积在20万hm2左右，植烟土壤主要为黄壤、石灰土、水稻土和紫色土[1]。植烟土壤养分状况是反映烟区土壤质量的重要指标，也是烟叶生产过程中合理施肥的重要依据，与烟叶品质密切相关[2，3]。自2003年开始，贵州省烟区进行了新一轮的烟叶种植区划研究，对植烟土壤进行了普查，并根据土壤、气候等条件对烟区重新进行了分区。新的区划成果应用于生产中导致了部分产区种植布局的调整，而随着2007年以来贵州省现代烟草农业的发展[4]，以基地单元为单位的种植布局调整已覆盖整个烟区。目前烟叶种植已基本调整至适宜和最适宜区域，部分烟区还进行了土地整治，以适应规模化种植和机械化作业。……