杨金保+张琳+李兆华+李禹涛+吴媛媛+刘红岩+吴家强

摘要：为探讨人参茎叶皂甙（GSLS）对鸭流感疫苗的免疫增强作用和抗氧化功能的影响，给鸭群饮水口服GSLS，同时接种禽流感疫苗，通过检测血清抗AIV特异性HI效价、免疫器官指数、淋巴细胞增殖转化指数、细胞因子和肠黏膜SIgA水平，评价GSLS的免疫增强作用；通过测定血清丙二醛（MDA）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）含量，评价GSLS对机体抗氧化功能的影响。结果表明：在28和35日龄时，饮水口服中剂量GSLS组鸭血清抗AIV特异性HI效价显著高于对照组（P<0.05），与1份疫苗组相比，免疫后2、3、4周，饮水口服GSLS能诱导机体对0.75份疫苗抗原产生的HI效价提高，但是差异不显著（P>0.05），1份+GSLS组鸭血清抗AIV特异性HI效价显著提高（P<0.05）；饮水口服GSLS能显著增强鸭脾脏和法氏囊指数（P<0.05），显著提高受ConA刺激产生的脾淋巴细胞增殖转化指数，显著或不显著提高脾淋巴细胞上清中IFN-γ（Th1）和IL-4（Th2）水平，显著提高鸭肠黏膜SIgA含量；饮水口服中剂量GSLS组血清MDA和SOD含量分别显著低于和高于对照组（P<0.05）。因此，饮水口服GSLS具有增强鸭群对禽流感疫苗的免疫应答水平和机体抗氧化功能的作用。

关键词：禽流感疫苗；人参茎叶皂甙；肉鸭；免疫增强作用；抗氧化功能

AbstractTo discuss the effects of GSLS on immunopotentiation to AI vaccine and antioxidation of body， the ducks were orally-administrated GSLS and then subcutaneously immunized with AI vaccine. The blood samples were collected to detect the specific hemagglutination inhibition （HI） titers， immune organs index， lymphocyte proliferation and transformation index， cell factor and intestinal mucosa SIgA level， then the immunopotentiation of GSLS was evaluated. The contents of malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase（SOD） in serum were detected to evaluate the effects of GSLS on body antioxidation. The results showed that compared with the conventional breeding management， orally-administrated middle-dose GSLS group could significantly increase the serum HI titer of 28-and 35- day-old ducks， significantly decreased the content of MDA， and significantly increased the level of SOD in ducks injected with AI vaccine. Compared with the one dose of vaccine， orally-administrated GSLS could improve the HI titer of 0.75 dose of vaccine without significant difference and significantly improve the HI titer of one dose of vaccine after immunized for 2， 3 and 4 weeks. Compared with the group immunized with AI vaccine alone， orally-administrated GSLS could significantly improve the indexes of spleen and bursa of Fabricius， splenic lymphocyte proliferation and transformation index stimulated by ConA， secretion of SIgA on intestinal， and significantly or not significantly improve the IFN-γ（Th1）and IL-4（Th2） levels in serum of splenic lymphocyte of ducks. Therefore， oral administration of GSLS enhanced the immune responses to AI vaccine and antioxidation of ducks.

KeywordsAvian influenza vaccine； Ginseng stem and leaf saponin； Meat duck； Immunopotentiation； Antioxidation

鴨流感（aivan influenza，AI）是由AIV引起的一种病毒性人畜共患传染病，家禽、水禽及一些野生鸟类均易感染，能造成巨大经济损失。鸭在AIV流行过程中容易成为流感病毒贮库，存在向其它易感动物、人类等散播病毒的潜在危害，容易引发重大公共安全问题[1]。目前，对鸭流感的防控除采用严格的生物安全措施外，主要措施是给易感鸭群接种禽流感疫苗。虽然已经在养鸭业中广泛采取接种商业化禽流感疫苗的措施，但是畜禽临床调查发现，存在鸭群禽流感抗体水平参差不一，抗体水平不高，甚至在养殖业中仍常见有鸭群禽流感免疫失败的现象发生[2]。因此，研究提高鸭禽流感疫苗免疫效果对于提高鸭流感的防控技术水平具有重要意义。

皂甙是由甙元与糖相连构成的糖甙类化合物，是中药人参的有效成分之一，研究发现其对神经系统、心血管系统和免疫系统产生广泛的药理作用[3]，是人参发挥补气安神的药理作用基础之一。……