闫彩霞+张浩+李春娟+赵小波+王娟+单世华

摘要：為明确黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus L.）侵染后花生（Arachis hypogaea）种仁的细胞学变化及抗黄曲霉相关种质的群体结构，将黄曲霉菌接种于高抗侵染种质J11和高感病种质泉花10号上，制成石蜡切片，数码显微镜下观察籽仁结构变化。结果显示，与抗侵染种质相比，黄曲霉侵染对感病种质的胚细胞组织破坏更严重，其发生远早于黄曲霉在种皮上的定殖。根据46个SSR位点的等位变异矩阵，利用Structure 2.3.3软件，采用基于贝叶斯数学模型的聚类方法对48个抗感黄曲霉相关材料进行群体结构检测，将供试材料划分为两大类4个亚群，分别命名为POP1、POP2、POP3和POP4，各亚群包含的材料数依次为8、13、9和15，另有3份材料属于混合亚群。利用NTSYS-pc 2.l0e以UPGMA法对全部种质进行PCoA分析，分组结果与群体结构中亚群划分结果比较吻合，两种分组结果均与种质的抗性特点有明显的相关性。

关键词：花生；黄曲霉；显微结构；群体结构；PCoA分析

ZTFLH：S435.652 文献标识码：A

Abstract： To clarify the cytological change of peanut seeds after Aspergillus flavus L. infection and population structure of 48 resistant-related genotypes， A. flavus was inoculated into high-resistant peanut genotype J11 and susceptible peanut genotype Quanhua 10， and then the paraffin section of seeds were observed under a digital microscope. The results showed that the tissues of embryo cells of susceptible genotype were more seriously damaged than those of resistant genotype， and the cell disintegration and nutrient loss occurred earlier than the colonization of A. flavus in seed coat. Using the allele array of 46 SSR loci covering peanut genome and Bias mathematical model， 48 genotypes were divided into four conservative subpopulations named POP1， POP2， POP3 and POP4， which contained 8， 13， 9 and 15 accessions respectively， and the other 3 accessions belonged to mixed subpopulation. By UPGMA clustering method of NTSYS software， principal component analysis divided all accessions into four quadrants， the result was basically in accordance with the composition of subpopulations. Two grouping results were both obviously correlated with the resistant characteristics of peanut genotypes.

Key words： Peanut； Aspergillus flavus； Microstructure； Population structure； PCoA analysis

ZTFLH：S435.652； Document code：A

黄曲霉毒素（aflatoxin）主要是由黄曲霉菌（Aspergillus flavus L.）侵染花生、玉米、大米、大豆以及坚果类寄主后产生的一类次级代谢产物，具有极强的毒性和致癌特性[1-4]，严重威胁食品安全和人类健康。我国是世界上花生黄曲霉毒素污染较为严重的国家。中国农业科学研究院油料作物研究所对全国22个省市区的花生仁和花生油进行了黄曲霉毒素检测，结果花生仁污染率为26.3%，花生油的污染率为47.3%[5]。黄曲霉毒素对花生的污染主要发生在两个阶段：一是在收获前，土壤中发育荚果受黄曲霉菌侵染并产毒；……