迟家家+陈鹏+郑向前+刘永杰+刘俊展

摘要：于2016年5月26日至8 月23日对肥城春大豆田节肢动物群落做了系统调查，并分析了主要害虫和天敌的种群数量动态。结果表明，肥城地区春季大豆田节肢动物种类有39种，属于2纲10目27科；数量较多的害虫有大豆蚜、小绿叶蝉、豆荚螟、烟粉虱等，大豆蚜在6月下旬、7月初和8月底达为害高峰期，小绿叶蝉在大豆生长后期发生减轻，豆荚螟高峰期在8月中旬，烟粉虱从6月下旬开始一直处于发生期；天敌数量较多的有微小花蝽、中华通草蛉、异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫等，微小花蝽发生高峰期为7月上中旬，中华通草蛉从8月份数量开始减少，异色瓢虫和龟纹瓢虫在整个生长期均有发生。

关键词：春大豆；节肢动物；群落；害虫；天敌；发生动态

中图分类号：S435.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）03-0113-04

AbstractThe arthropod community and the population dynamics of major pests and their natural enemies in spring soybean field were investigated during May 26th to August 23th in 2016 in Feicheng City. The results showed that there were 39 species of arthropods in spring soybean fields belonging to 2 classes， 10 orders and 27 families. The major pests were Aphis glycines， Empoasca flavescens， Etiella zinckenella and Bemisia tabaci，etc. The harm peaks of Aphis glycines were in the last ten days of June， the early of July and the end of August. The occurrence of Empoasca flavescens reduced in the late stage of soybean growth. The occurrence peak of Etiella zinckenella was in the middle of August. The occurrence period of Bemisia tabaci last from the last ten days of June. Their major natural enemies were Orius minutus， Chrysoperla sinica， Harmonia axyridis and Propylaea japonica，etc. The occurrence peak of Orius minutus was in the middle ten days of July. The occurrence of Chrysoperla sinic reduced from August. Harmonia axyridis and Propylaea japonica occurred in the whole growth period of soybean.

KeywordsSpring soybean； Arthropod； Community； Pest； Natural enemy； Occurrence dynamic

大豆田節肢动物群落的结构、动态与作物生长密切相关，明确节肢动物群落中害虫、天敌和中性昆虫的互作关系及整个群落的发生规律，对于指导害虫综合治理具有重要意义[1]。目前，关于节肢动物群落的研究在理论和实践上都取得了较大进展。大豆作为重要作物，其节肢动物群落也有了一定的调查研究，Gastal等[2]调查了大豆田节肢动物种类；Balfour等[3]对大豆田蜘蛛群落以及使用除草剂对昆虫群落的影响做了研究；夏槃等[4]调查了安徽省主要大豆产区害虫和节肢动物种类；杨勤民等[5]系统调查了夏大豆田主要害虫及天敌种群数量动态，并利用相对多度、丰富度、生态优势度、多样性指数和均匀度分析了其群落结构特征和动态。……