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摘要：采用水中蒸餾、水上蒸馏、水蒸气直接蒸馏和水蒸气扩散蒸馏方式提取油樟[Cinnamomum longepaniculatum （Gamble） N. Chan]叶挥发油，比较了油樟油的提取率及主要成分含量。结果表明，采用水上蒸馏（3.83%）和水蒸气直接蒸馏（3.73%）获得的提取率较高，二者无显著差异（P>0.05），均显著高于水中蒸馏和扩散蒸馏的提取率（P<0.05），后两者间无显著差异（P>0.05）；蒸馏方式对1，8-桉叶油素含量的影响较大，对α-松油醇和γ-松油烯无显著影响（P>0.05）；采用水蒸气直接蒸馏所得油樟油中1，8-桉叶油素含量最高（60.10%），显著高于水蒸气扩散蒸馏和水上蒸馏（P<0.05），与水中蒸馏无显著差异（P>0.05）。可见，水蒸气直接蒸馏方式能获得较高的油樟油提取率及主要成分含量。

关键词：油樟[Cinnamomum longepaniculatum （Gamble） N. Chan]；挥发油；水蒸气蒸馏；1，8-桉叶油素

中图分类号：S789 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）03-0520-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.03.032

Influences of Different Distillation Methods on Yield of Essential Oil and Concentration of Its Major Constituents from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum （Gamble） N. Chan Leaves

ZHOU Gao-jun1， LI Yu-hua1， DU Yong-hua2， WEI Qin2， ZHANG Chao2， ZHANG Rong2

（1.Yue Jiang Forest Management Institute in Gao County， Yibin 645152， Sichuan，China；2.College of Life Science and Food Engineering， Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Higher Education， Yibin University，

Yibin 644000， Sichuan，China）

Abstract： Traditional hydro-distillation， over-water distillation， steam distillation and hydro-diffusion distillation methods were used to extract essential oil from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum（Gamble） N. Chan leaves and their results were compared for the yield and concentration of major constituents of essential oil. The results showed that yields of essential oil of over-water distillation method and steam distillation method were significantly higher than that of traditional hydro-distillation method and hydro-diffusion distillation method（P>0.05）. Significant differences in yield of essential oil were not observed between the first two methods （P<0.05）， that of the last two methods were also not occurred （P>0.05）. Variances of distillation methods displayed potential influence on the concentration of 1，8-cineole of essential oil， while it was not significantly influenced on the concentration of α-terpineol and γ-terpinene（P>0.05）. The highest concentration of 1，8-cineole was achieved from steam distillation method with the value of 60.10%， it was significantly higher than that from hydro- diffusion distillation and over-water distillation（P<0.05）， however， no significant differences were found between steam distillation and traditional hydro-distillation （P>0.05）. In conclusion， steam distillation result in relative higher yield of essential oil and concentration of its major constituents from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum leaves.

Key words： Cinnamomum longepaniculatum （Gamble） N. Chan；essential oil；steam distillation；1，8-cineole

油樟[Cinnamomum longepaniculatum （Gamble） N. Chan]系樟科樟属芳香植物，是中国特有种子植物[1]，主要分布于四川宜宾，在湖北、湖南和陕西等地也有少量分布[2]。油樟的根、茎和叶均富含精油[3]，其精油已成为香料、食品、医药、化工和日用化妆产品的重要原料来源。四川宜宾油樟资源丰富，是中国三大天然香料油生产、加工和集散地之一，油樟油年产量近2 000 t，占全国总量70%[4]。宜宾油樟叶含油率高达3.8%～4.5%，比香樟树叶含油率（1.5%）高1～2倍，但在实际生产中油樟的产油率仅为1.8%～2.0%左右，低提取率导致了油樟资源的极大浪费[5]。

水蒸气蒸馏法是提取植物精油的传统方法，具有设备简单易操作、成本低、无有机溶剂污染等特点，是非热敏性挥发油的主要提取方法。水蒸气蒸馏有水中蒸馏、水上蒸馏（隔水蒸馏）、水蒸气直接蒸馏和水蒸气扩散蒸馏4种方式，生产中常采用甑桶式隔水蒸馏提取油樟油。本研……