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浙江省麻雀数量变化与环境关系研究

2017-03-21刘志立方陆明宁学芳

湖北农业科学 2017年3期

刘志立++方陆明++宁学芳

摘要:利用浙江省陆生野生动物疫源疫病监测站2010~2013年的监测数据,分析了麻雀(Passer montanus)种群动态变化及其影响因子,对野外鸟类监测工作提出建议。结果表明,麻雀数量空间分布呈现出北部平原地区>东部沿海丘陵地区>西南高山地区。麻雀数量的动态变化:1~3月数量稳定,4月数量增长出现峰值,8月数量再次出现峰值,10月数量开始下降,11~12月稳定,推算得出浙江省麻雀繁殖期在4~9月。平均温度为0~10 ℃时,麻雀数量稳定;平均温度为10~20 ℃时,数量开始增加;平均温度为20~25 ℃时,数量有下降;平均温度为25~35 ℃时,数量又有增加。麻雀数量和天气因子极显著相关(P<0.01)。因此,地理环境、温度和天气因子是影响麻雀数量变化的影响因子。

关键词:麻雀(Passer montanus);数量;环境变化;空间分析;野生动物监测

中图分类号:Q958;Q959.7+39 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)03-0511-05

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.03.030

The Relationship Between Environment and Population Changes of Sparrows

(Passer montanus) in Zhejiang Province

LIU Zhi-li, FANG Lu-ming, NING Xue-fang

(School of Information Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forestry Intelligent Monitoring and Information Technology, Linan 311300, Zhejiang, China)

Abstract:In this paper, using 2010 to 2013 monitoring data from the Zhejiang terrestrial wildlife epidemic diseases monitoring system to dig the sparrows(Passer montanus) population dynamic change rule,explore the factors influencing the sparrows quantity change,the suggestions for wild bird surveillance were put forward. The Results indicated that the distribution of sparrows quantity was the Northern Plains>the Eastern Coastal Hilly Area>the Southwest Mountain Area. The dynamic changes of tree sparrows populations was that the sparrow quantity stabled in Janaury to March, increased to peak in April,peaked again in August, began to decline in October, then stabled in November and December. And then there had a extrapolation that sparrows breeding season in Zhejiang province was in April to September. When the average temperature of 0 to 10 ℃,the sparrows quantity stabled; the population grew in 10 to 20 ℃,decreased in 20 to 25 ℃,and increased again in 25 to 35 ℃. The interaction of weather on the sparrows quantity was extremely significantly(P<0.01). Consequently,geographical environment, temperature and weather had influence on the sparrow quantity distribution.

Key words: sparrows(Passer montanus); quantity; environmental changes; spatial analysis; wildlife monitoring

麻雀属(Passer spp.),分类上属于雀形目、麻雀科(Passeridae)、麻雀亚科(Passerinae)[1],是世界性分布的食谷性鸟类, 分布广、数量多、易识别、与人类的关系十分密切。20世纪70年代后期以来,用麻雀作为衡量环境污染的指示种的研究就已开始受到重视,之后对麻雀的生态学研究也比较系统和深入,但缺乏从宏观对麻雀进行整体性研究[2,3]。在中国,麻雀属分布有黑胸麻雀[Passer hispaniolensis(Temminck)]、黑頂麻雀[P.ammodendri(Gould)]、家麻雀[P.domesticus(Linnaeus)]、树麻雀[P.montanus(Linnaeus)]、山麻雀[P.rutilans(Temminck)][4]。其中,山麻雀只分布于相对高的山区,家麻雀、黑胸麻雀和黑顶麻雀主要分布在新疆或蒙古等区域,树麻雀广泛分布在全国,因此麻雀通常指树麻雀,文中树麻雀简称麻雀。

鸟类是环境监测,也是生物多样性监测的重要指示类群[5]。目前,在全球范围内已有众多的陆地鸟类监测工作,其监测范围大小不一,监测时间各有长短[6]。中国……

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