韩毅　郭伟　贺兆伟　金洪石　金江华　于大鹏　李玉娥

摘要：为提高上部烟叶的等级质量及工业可用性，研究了顶1～7叶位一次采收技术对鲜烟成熟程度和烤后烟叶的外观质量、感官质量、化学成分、经济性状等的影响。结果表明，頂1～7叶一次采收能促进鲜烟田间成熟充分，提高烤后烟叶的成熟度、叶片结构和身份，提高上部烟叶的整体外观质量；使烤后烟叶的化学成分更趋协调，增加烤后烟叶的香气质、香气量和浓度。显著提高烤后烟叶的上等烟比例，尤其是顶1～3叶，提高比例达167%，顶4～7叶，提高比例为13.8%；平均产量略有降低，降低比例为4.3%，平均产值有所提高，提高比例为10.3%。

关键词：烤烟；成熟度；上部叶；一次采收；质量

中图分类号：S572 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）03-0494-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.03.025

The Effects of One Time Harvest of All Upper Tobacco Leaf on the Upper Leaf Quality

HAN Yi， GUO Wei， HE Zhao-wei， JIN Hong-shi， JIN Jiang-hua， YU Da-peng， LI Yu-e

（Jilin Tobacco Industry Co.， Ltd.， Yanji 133001， Jilin， China）

Abstract： In order to increase the quality and industrial usability of upper tobacco leaf， the effects of one time harvest of upper leaf （from 1st to 7th leaf from top） was investigated for the maturity of fresh leaf， and the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaf， including appearance quality， smoking quality， and economic characteristics. The results showed that new harvest method could increase the maturity of leaf at harvest， and the overall appearance quality of flue-cured upper leaf， especially for the leaf maturity， leaf structure and leaf body. Through the new harvest method， the chemistry of flue-cured upper leaf was optimized， and the smoking quality was also increased due to the increment of the quality， amount and concentration of aroma in mainstream smoke. The top grades ratio of flue-cured upper leaf was increased by 167% for top three leaf， and by 13.8% for 4th to 7th leaf from top. The yield increased by 4.3%， and the output value increased by 10.3%.

Key words： flue-cured tobacco； maturity； upper leaf； one time harvest； quality

随着卷烟工业“减害降焦”战略的推进，降焦技术的应用使卷烟香味不同程度的下降，亟需提高配方中浓香型烟叶的使用比例。国内卷烟生产中中部叶仍是利用率最高的部位，与国外上部叶在整个烟叶产量和品质利用率高达40%相比，差距甚远[1]。国内上部烟叶由于成熟度等因素导致烤后烟叶颜色浅淡，组织结构紧密，等级质量不高等现象较为普遍，工业企业的反响尤为突出[2，3]。成熟度好的上部烟叶香气物质含量较高，化学成分协调，结构疏松，安全性指标表现好[4-6]。为提高上部烟叶的采收成熟度，必须改变传统的分次采收方式[7，8]。近年来，国内对上部叶采收方式做了一些研究[9-13]，对改善上部烟叶的质量起到了一定的作用。……