天气状况和是否束花对西葫芦花粉生活力的影响
2017-03-21冯志红闫立英李晓丽王改
冯志红++闫立英 李晓丽 王改
摘要:试验研究了不同的天气和是否束花处理对西葫芦花粉生活力的影响。结果表明,无论在晴天还是阴天及是否束花,西葫芦花粉生活力从6:00开始均表现出先上升后下降的趋势,晴天最佳授粉时间(花粉生活力最高)为7:00~9:00,适宜授粉时间为6:00~10:00;阴天最佳授粉时间为9:00~10:00,适宜授粉时间为8:00~12:00。將束花和不束花的西葫芦花粉生活力进行比较,结果表明,无论哪种天气,束花的西葫芦花粉生活力均高于未束花的,且花粉失活慢。
关键词:不同天气;束花处理;花粉生活力;西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.)
中图分类号:S642.6;Q944.42 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)03-0483-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.03.022
The Effects of Weather and Flower Clipping on the Pollen Vitality of Summer Squash
FENG Zhi-hong, YAN Li-ying, LI Xiao-li, WANG Gai
(Horticultural College of Science & Technology, Hebei Normal College of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, Hebei, China)
Abstract: The effects of the different weather(sunny or cloudy day) and the flowers with different treatments(clipping or no clipping) on the pollen vitality of summer squash(Cucurbita pepo L.) were studied. The results showed that the trend of pollen viability increased from the 6:00 and then decreased from the afternoon regardless of weather conditions and the flower treatments. The optimum pollination time(highest pollen vitality) is 7:00~9:00 and the suitable pollination time is 6:00~10:00 in the sunny day. The optimum pollination time is 9:00~10:00 and the suitable pollination time is 8:00~12:00 in the cloudy day. The pollen vitality of flowers with clipping is higher than pollen vitality without clipping no matter what the weather, and pollen survival time of flowers with clipping is longer than the pollen without flower clipping.
Key words: weather condition; flower clipping; pollen vitality; summer squash(Cucurbita pepo L.)
西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo L.)别名美洲南瓜,为葫芦科南瓜属一年生草本植物。其营养丰富,药用价值高,具有生长期短、较耐贮运、产量高、适宜间作套种等优点,在中国南北方均有种植,现已成为日光温室越冬茬和塑料大棚早春和秋延后栽培的一种重要蔬菜[1,2]。其种植面积在瓜类蔬菜中仅次于黄瓜[3]。
随着西葫芦种植面积的增大,西葫芦育种和良种繁育工作也迅速展开[4],如何获得质优量足的种子在生产中尤为重要[5]。种子的质和量与花粉生活力密切相关,国内外学者关于花粉生活力做过一些研究[6-10],然而关于在不同的天气最适宜的授粉时期鲜有报道,是否束花处理对花粉生活力的影响也未见报道,为此,试验研究了天气状况和是否束花对西葫芦花粉生活力的影响,以期为西葫芦的优质高效育种提供一定的依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 供试材料……p>
