旱田改水田对黑土pH、电导率及几种微生物的影响
2017-03-21顿圆圆杜春梅董锡文王妍
顿圆圆+杜春梅+董锡文+王妍
摘要:为了了解长期旱田改水田对黑土理化性质和部分功能微生物的影响,选取旱田改水田5、10、30年的黑土为研究对象,对土壤pH、电导率及磷细菌、纤维素分解菌进行研究。结果表明,随着旱田改水田年限的增加,土壤的pH逐渐降低,其中,旱田改水田5年时pH下降显著(P<0.05);土壤电导率先显著升高(P<0.05)后降低,其中,旱田改水田年限为5年时,电导率最高;有机磷细菌、无机磷细菌、纤维素分解菌都呈先减少后增加的趋势,其中,有机磷细菌在旱田改水田10年时平均数量最少,无机磷细菌、纤维素分解菌在5年时平均数量最少。
关键词:黑土;旱田改水田;pH;电导率;微生物
中图分类号:S344.1+7;S153;S154.38+1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)03-0459-03
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.03.015
Effects of Transforming Dryland into Paddy Field on pH, Electrical Conductivity and Microorganiams of Black Soil
DUN Yuan-yuan, DU Chun-mei, DONG Xi-wen, WANG Yan
(College of Life Science, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, Heilongjiang, China)
Abstract: To understand the effects of transforming dryland into paddy field on soil physical, chemical properties and some functional microorganisms, black soil was sampled in the field which transformed dryland into paddy field for 5, 10 and 30 years respectively, and the pH value, electrical conductivity, phosphobacteria and cellulose decomposition microorganisms were investigated. The results showed that pH of soil value decreased gradually with the increasing of years that transforming dryland into paddy field. Among them, soil pH value of 5 years paddy field decreased significantly(P<0.05). Electrical conductivity of soil increased significantly(P<0.05) in first five years and then decreased gradually. The number of organic phosphobacteria, inorganic phosphobacteria and cellulose decomposition microorganisms appeared to be an increasing trend and then decreased. The numbers of organic phosphobacteria were the least in first 10 years, and inorganic phosphobacteria, cellulose decomposition microorganisms was the least in first 5 years of transforming dryland into paddy field.
Key words: black soil; transforming dryland into paddy field; pH; electrical conductivity; microorganisms
由于種植水稻可以使农民增产增收,近年来,旱田改水田种植方式越来越多,许多黑土土壤也由旱田改为水田用于水稻生产[1]。黑土旱田改水田会导致土壤生态环境的变化,影响土壤微生物的多样性与数量,而土壤微生物可以反映土壤质量的变化,是土壤质量评价指标体系中重要的组成部分[2-5]。土壤微生物不仅参与土壤结构的形成,调节植物的生长发育,还可以促进土壤营养元素及能量的转化与循环,是维持土壤环境、提高土壤肥力的重要因素[6-9]。因此,研究黑土旱田改水田对土壤pH、电导率及土壤微生物影响对农业生产具有重要意义。目前,关于长期黑土旱田改水田对土壤微生物影响的研究还比较少,故开展此项研究,以期为黑土土壤的可持续利用提供重要的理论依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 样品采集
土壤样品采集于黑龙江省佳木斯市桦川县(北纬46°54′,东经130°42′),选取旱田改水田年限分别为5、10、30年的地块为研究对象,以临近的旱田为对照(旱田改水田年限计为0年),取样地面积为667 m2,利用五点法分别采集深度为0~5、5~10、10~20 cm的土壤,各土壤样品去掉枝叶、石块,均单独装袋带回实验室备用。……
