基于灰色预测模型和曲线拟合的重庆市水污染状况预测
2017-03-21陈敏敏
陈敏敏
摘要:为了更有效地治理重庆市水环境污染,以重庆市2003-2013年排放废水中所含化学需氧量和氨氮量比例为基础,分别通过SPSS曲线拟合、线性回归、Matlab编程建立灰色预测模型预测2020年重庆市水污染状况的变化趋势。结果表明,灰色预测精度为0.026%~2.685%,通过精度检验。重庆市废水中所含化学需氧量比例呈线性或指数下降趋势,而氨氮量比例则呈波动式或指数上升趋势,应从工业源、城镇生活源、农业源、水库源等方面抑制废水中氨氮量比例的上升,并进一步保持化学需氧量比例的下降趋势。
关键词:灰色预测模型;曲线拟合;水污染状况;重庆市
中图分类号:X52 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)03-0446-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.03.012
Prediction of Water Pollution in Chongqing Based on the
Grey Prediction Model and Curve Fitting
CHEN Min-min
(School of Business, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)
Abstract: To effectively control water pollution in Chongqing, based on the proportion of cod and ammonia in the wastewater of Chongqing in 2003-2013,the change trend of water pollution situation in Chongqing in 2020 was predicted by SPSS curve fitting, the linear regression method and Matlab programming grey prediction model. The results showed that through precision test,grey forecasting precision was between 0.026% to 2.685%. The proportion of cod in municipal wastewater in Chongqing was linear or exponential decline, while the proportion of ammonia nitrogen was rising in a fluctuant way or exponential rise. We should curb the rising proportion of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater, and further maintain the proportion of cod decline from aspects of industrial sources, urban life, agricultural sources, reservoir sources and so on.
Key words: grey prediction model; curve fitting; the water pollution situation; Chongqing city
水是人類赖以生存和发展的物质基础,随着经济、社会的飞速发展,人类对水资源的需求越来越大,但中国水污染问题却日益严峻。中国水体污染源主要来自两方面:一是工业发展超标排放的工业废水;二是城市化进程中由于城市污水排放而集中处理设施严重缺乏,大量生活污水未经处理直接进入水体[1]。一直以来,水污染的防治与预测就是学者们研究的重点,水污染防治是中国水环境保护的主战场。从“九五”开始,中国逐步建立了一套较为成熟的水污染防治工作机制[2]。朱建华等[3]综合运用了3种计量方法预测中国水污染防治投资状况;王秀娜等[4]选取二次移动平均法,以水污染排放量为基础预测了兰州市水污染特征。已有研究成果多探讨水污染与经济发展的关系,且水污染指标为废水排放总量、水感官指标、毒理学监测指标等。……
