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高光低温气候条件下三种禾谷类作物的光合特性研究

2017-03-21崔婷茹姚林玲杨永星张立峰

湖北农业科学 2017年3期

崔婷茹++姚林玲++杨永星++张立峰

摘要:采用光合仪监测河北坝上地区玉米(Zea mays L.)、谷子(Setaria italica)、莜麦[Avena chinensis (Fisch. ex Roem. et Schult.) Metzg.]的光合日变化及其季节动态。结果明确了高光低温环境下喜温型禾谷类作物的光温生态适应性,发现在该地区的特殊气候条件下,作物的收获目标要根据其温感型来确定,禾谷类喜温型作物以收获茎叶等营养器官为主,喜凉型作物以收获子粒等生殖器官为主。由此,可以推广种植饲用玉米,以达到资源利用的最大化,扩大区域引种选择范围的目的。

关键词:光合特性;环境因子;光响应曲线;玉米(Zea mays L.);谷子(Setaria italica);莜麦[Avena chinensis (Fisch. ex Roem. et Schult.) Metzg.]

中图分类号:S311 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)03-0429-06

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.03.009

Studies on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Cereal Crops

Under High Light and Low Temperature Climatic Conditions

CUI Ting-ru1,2,YAO Lin-ling3,YANG Yong-xing1,ZHANG Li-feng1

(1.College of Agronomy,Heibei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001, Hebei, China; 2.Bureau of Meteorology of Guyuan,Guyuan 076550,Hebei,China;3.Bureau of Meteorology of Zhangjiakou,Zhangjiakou 075000, Hebei, China)

Abstract: Diurnal and seasonal variation of photosynthetic parameters were measured in maize (Zea mays L.), millet (Setaria italic) and naked oats [Avena chinensis (Fisch. ex Roem. et Schult.) Metzg.] in Bashang district in Hebei Province. Ecological adaptability characters of light and temperature for these thermophilic cereals were found under high light and low temperature condition. The results showed that harvest target of these crops should be determined by their sensitivities to temperature under this special climate. Harvest priority should be given to vegetative organs such as stems and leaves for thermophilic type crops, and seeds for cool-loving crops. The results demonstrated that spread of feed maize could improve resource utilization and expand the range of regional introduction options in this district.

Key words: photosynthetic characteristics; environmental factors; light response curves; maize(Zea mays L.); millet(Setaria italica); naked oats[Avena chinensis (Fisch. ex Roem. et Schult.) Metzg.]

河北省坝上地区为农牧交错区,气候条件以强光低温为主要特征[1,2]。长期以来,由于资源贫乏、方式粗放,致使农业生产能力低下。在京津冀一体化的背景下,该地区作为首都生态功能屏障,原有的种植结构越发不适应新形势。立足现有光温资源,引种新作物迫在眉睫。本试验为了明确不同温感型的禾谷类作物——玉米(Zea mays L.)、谷子(Setaria italica)、莜麥[Avena chinensis (Fisch. ex Roem. et Schult.) Metzg.]在坝上地区的光温生态适应性,了解不同温感型禾谷类作物间的异同,通过研究其光合特性的差异性,从而明确喜温型作物在高光低温气候地区引种的可行性,实现资源的高效利用。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验区概况

试验地点位于坝上高光低温区的农业部张北自然资源与生态环境野外观测站(41°09′N,114°42′E)。试验区海拔1 420 m,5-9月总日照时间为1 276 h,光合有效辐射2 896.8 MJ/m2,≥0 ℃积温2 300~ 2 600 ℃,月平均气温12.1~19.4 ℃。无霜期95~ 107 d,年降水量340~450 mm,年蒸发量1 710~1 980 mm,干燥度2.0~2.1。……

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