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摘要：考察了不同播期（4月10日、5月5日、6月1日）、不同密度（2.5、3.3、5.0株/m2）对红壤旱地直播棉花（Gossypium spp.）农艺、产量及纤维品质性状形成的影响。结果表明，在密度为5.0株/m2水平下，皮棉产量最高，纤维品质最好；晚播（6月1日）皮棉产量显著高于中播（5月5日），与早播（4月10日）差异不显著，3个播期对纤维品质的影响不显著；播期与密度的不同组合对皮棉产量、铃重、衣分、子指、纤维长度和伸长率均有显著影响，早播、晚播的高密度（5.0株/m2）组合皮棉产量较高，纤维品质以晚播高密度最好。表明当播期推迟到5月底或6月初，仍可通过加大密度实现棉花的高产优质。

关键词：棉花（Gossypium spp.）；红壤；播期；密度；皮棉产量；纤维品质

中图分类号：S562 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）03-0425-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.03.008

Effects of Planting Date and Plant Population Density on Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality in Upland Red Soil Region

LI Shun-xi， CHEN Gong， PENG Jin-jian， CHEN Lu-lu， GAO Chuan， TANG Fei-yu

（College of Agronomy， Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology， Ecology and Genetic Breeding， Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology， Ecology and Genetic Breeding， Nanchang 330045， China）

Abstract： The aim of this study was to determine the effects of planting date and plant densities on cotton yield and fiber quality in the Jiangxi red soil region. Plant densities of 2.5， 3.3， and 5.0 plants/m2 and three planting dates with 10 April， 5 May and 1 June were set. The results showed that the highest yield and the most superior fibers was got when plant densities of 5.0 plants/m2. Lint yield was significantly greater for late （1 June） than medium plantings （5 May）， but similar to early planting（10 April）. There were no plant date effects on lint quality. The effects on lint yield， boll weight， lint percentage， seed index， fiber length and elongation were statistically significant for the combinations of planting date and plant density. The combinations of 5 plant/m2 and 10 April， 1 June contributed to the highest yields. The fiber quality ranked first for the combination of 5 plant/m2 and 1 June. It is concluded that if planting is delayed to late April or early June， desirable yield and fiber quality would be achieved by employing a greater plant population.

Key words： cotton（Gossypium spp.）； red soil； planting date； plant density； lint yield； fiber quality

棉花（Gossypium spp.）是最重要的纖维作物，其产业链长。近年来，受国外进口棉冲击及国内生产成本持续上涨的双重压力，中国棉花生产处于低谷。在南方棉区，传统的营养钵育苗移栽技术及大株稀植模式需要较高质量劳动力和较多劳动时间的投入，在当前农村青壮年劳动力资源稀缺、工价昂贵的形势下愈加难以为继，也不符合机械化种植的要求。简化栽培从棉花生产用工较多的环节入手，减少不必要的工序，降低劳作强度，实现少投入而达到同等或更高经济效益的目的，已成为一种必然的选择。江西红壤面积0.108亿hm2，占全省土地总面积的64%[1]。江西省是中国南方主要的双季稻区，在服从国家粮食安全战略的前提下，水稻土不宜植棉，丘陵红壤旱地将成为未来发展棉花生产的潜力所在。……