中国花生新品种应用技术进步率的影响研究
2017-03-09张照辰周曙东
张照辰++周曙东



摘要:利用随机前沿生产函数模型,采用2011-2013年国家花生产业体系对全国19个省份的花生种植户问卷调查数据,从花生新品种的角度进行统计整理,分别计算得到了这期间问卷所涉及的地区应用花生新品种和应用花生老品种的技术进步率。分析结果表明,中国花生生产的技术进步率在逐年上升,同时,劳动力对花生单产的贡献率在逐年降低;而通过对比发现,大量新品种的应用在多数地区都起到了促进技术进步的作用,同时显著推动了花生种植户单产水平的提高。
关键词:花生;新品种;随机前沿生产函数;单产
中图分类号:F303.2;S565.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)01-0187-04
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.01.047
Study on Technical Progress Rate of New Peanut Varieties in China
ZHANG Zhao-chen,ZHOU Shu-dong
(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)
Abstract: Using the model of stochastic frontier production function, and from the angle of new peanut varieties, the questionnaire data about peanut growers about 19 provinces by national peanut industrial system during 2011-2013 were sorted out statistically, and the technical progress rates in the period by application of new and old peanut varieties in survey areas were calculated respectively. The results showed that, the technical progress rate in production of peanut was increased year by year in China, meanwhile, the contribution of labor force to the unit area yield of peanut was decreased each year. By comparison, it concluded that the application of large numbers of new varieties have contributed to promote the technical progress in most areas, and simultaneously pushed the unit area yield of peanut growers further significantly.
Key words: peanut; new varieties; technical progress; the stochastic frontier production function; per unit area yield
花生作為中国主要油料作物和主要经济作物之一,在中国的农业生产结构中有着重要的地位。从1989年至今,中国花生播种面积除2004~2007年有所下降外,其他年份都在稳步增长。同时中国花生单产水平一直保持稳步增长的趋势,在2012年达到 3 556.65 kg/hm2,位居世界前列。花生是重要的轮作作物,有固氮作用,利于培肥地力,是中国少数具有国际竞争力并能够出口创汇的农作物之一。了解花生新品种的应用对花生技术进步的影响,对推广花生良种以及中国整个花生产业的发展具有重要意义。
赵芝俊等[1]按照C-D生产函数和索洛余值法的基本思路,建立生产函数模型,测量了中国在1986~2003年的农业技术进步贡献率。在技术效率的研究方面,孟令杰等[2]探讨了2002年中国各小麦产区的综合技术效率、规模效率以及纯技术效率,并指出投入差异导致中国各小麦产区技术效率产生差异,但总体中国小麦生产的综合技术效率水平较高。……
