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布托啡诺联合舒芬太尼在头颈部肿瘤手术后镇静镇痛的应用

2017-02-27赖爱华李雪贞温小平

中国医学创新 2016年32期

赖爱华 李雪贞 温小平

【摘要】 目的:观察布托啡诺联合舒芬太尼应用于头颈部肿瘤手术后镇静镇痛的临床效果,探讨其安全性与可行性。方法:56例ASAⅠ~Ⅱ术后需保留气管导管1~2 d的头颈部肿瘤手术患者按照随机数字表法分为两组,试验组(BS组)和对照组(MS组),每组28例。BS组布托啡诺0.15 mg/kg+舒芬太尼2 μg/kg+昂丹司琼16 mg加0.9%氯化钠注射液至100 mL,MS组咪达唑仑0.2 mg/kg+舒芬太尼2 μg/kg+昂丹司琼16 mg加0.9%氯化钠注射液至100 mL,两组均设置持续量2 mL/h,单次给药量为1 mL,间歇时间10 min。术毕,患者意识清醒,唤其能睁眼后保留经鼻气管导管开始实施PICA治疗。观察并记录两组患者术后1 h(T1)、6 h(T2)、12 h(T3)、24 h(T4)、48 h(T5)各时点MAP、HR、SpO2,行VAS与Ramsay评分,记录留置导管48 h期间不同呛咳程度的例数、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等发生例数。结果:两组患者术后各时间点MAP、HR、SpO2比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);BS组VAS评分明显低于MS组(P<0.05),两组Ramsay镇静评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组患者导管留置期间BS组呛咳发生率明显低于MS组(P<0.05)。结论:布托啡诺联合舒芬太尼应用于头颈部肿瘤术后的患者能达到良好的镇静镇痛效果,能明显抑制留置气管插管期间的呛咳反应,且不良反应少,能安全应用于临床。

【关键词】 布托啡诺; 舒芬太尼; 镇静镇痛; 气道管理

【Abstract】 Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Butorphanol combined with Sufentanil applied in patients sedation and postoperative analgesia after surgery for head-neck cancer.Method:A total of 56 examples of ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ patients 1-2 days after surgery for head-neck cancer were randomly divided into two groups(n=28):Butorphanol 0.15 mg/kg+Sufentanil 2 μg/kg+Ondansetron 16 mg group(BS group) and Midazolam 0.2 mg/kg +Sufentanil 2 μg/kg+Ondansetron 16 mg group(MS group).PCIA setting up 2 mL/h and bolus of 1 mL with a lockout-time interva 10 minutes.MAP,HR,RR,SpO2 at 1 h(T1),6 h(T2),12 h(T3),24 h(T4),48 h(T5) were observed and recorded,the changes of visual analog scale(VAS),Ramsay score,and the number of cases of adverse reactions were recorded.Result:There was no difference in MAP,HR,SpO2 in two group at T1,T2,T3,T4,T5(P>0.05).VAS of BS group was significantly lower than of MS group(P<0.05),Ramsay score was no difference in two group(P>0.05).The patientsbucking times of BS group were also significantly lower than those of MS group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Butorphanol combined with Sufentanil is an effective method for sedation and postoperative analgesia in patients after surgery for head-neck cancer,can decrease the bucking response,it is concluded that they could be used in clinical safely.

【Key words】 Butorphanol; Sufentanil; Sedation and postoperative analgesia; Airway management

First-authors address:Ganzhou Cancer Hospital,Ganzhou 341000,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.32.010

頭颈部肿瘤手术尤其是恶性肿瘤手术,术后因局部解剖改变,舌、口底组织失去支撑导致后坠,术野周围组织渗血、肿胀等因素易造成呼吸道梗阻或窒息,严重者甚至危及生命[1-2]。为了避免这一风险,本院采用术后保留经鼻气管插管2~3 d,待渗血和水肿高峰期过后拔管。麻醉医生需制定合适的镇静镇痛方案使患者平稳地度过留置导管期间一系列的不适和并发症。本研究旨在探讨不同的镇静镇痛药在头颈部肿瘤患者术后留置导管期间对其生命体征的影响以及对气管插管的耐受程度和不良反应,现报道如下。

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