李月英��

摘要：通过对农村丧偶独居老年女性社会支持状况调查分析发现，农村丧偶独居老年女性的社会支持状况较差。表现为经济支持脆弱，主要包括经济来源渠道少，收入水平偏低，慢性病的支出缺少有力的支持；生病时的日常生活照料支持主要由女儿承担；精神慰藉支持状况一般，女儿和邻居提供的支持起重要作用。究其原因：农村基础养老金水平低，低保救助面窄，飙升的彩礼导致家庭财富支出的失衡和女儿养老面临的尴尬。相应的对策建议是提高农村基础养老金水平；扩大低保救助范围，将日常慢性病的医疗费用纳入新型农村合作医疗范畴；提高家庭经济支持的责任感，倡导男女平等，提倡女儿养老。

关键词：农村老年女性；丧偶独居；社会支持

中图分类号：F32389文献标识码：A文章编号：1000-4149（2017）01-0044-10

DOI：103969/jissn1000-4149201701005

收稿日期：收稿日期2016-05-09；修订日期：2016-09-26

基金项目：基金项目山东省教育厅高校人文社会科学研究计划项目“农村寡居老年人口的生存状况与社会支持研究”（J14WC03）；中国女性研究会 / 汕头大学女性研究中心 2014—2016 年度中国青年学者女性 / 性别实证研究项目“农村独居女性老年人生存状况和社会支持研究”。

作者简介：作者简介李月英，泰山学院管理学院讲师。

（英）A Study on Social Support of LivingAlone Elderly Widows in Rural Area：

Based on the Empirical Investigation of S Village in Shandong Province

（英）作者姓名LI Yueying

（英）作者单位（School of Management， Taishan University， Taian 271000，China ）

Abstract：（英）摘要：

This research conducts an empirical analysis on the social support of the livingalone elderly widows in rural area with the methods of questionnaire survey and case interviews. The analysis revealed that： Firstly， the social support of the livingalone elderly widows is poor. The economic support is quite low mean their source of income is less， their income is low， the ability to pay chronic disease medical bills is weak；Secondly， the elderly who have no daughter face enormous difficulties during their illness because daughters attend sick parents usually in rural area； Thirdly， the emotion support is medium. Their daughters and neighbors play a critical role in their emotion support. The low social support of the livingalone elderly widows in rural area is associated with the low level of basic pension in rural area， the limited coverage of minimal assurance，the heavy pressure of the high marriage betrothal gifts and the embarrassment of the daughters taking care of their parents. Therefore，to improve the basic rural pension level， to expand the range of minimal assurance， to include daily chronic diseases into the new rural cooperative medical system， to raise the sense of responsibility of family economic support， to advocating the daughter pension are the reasonable countermeasure.

Keywords：（英）關键词：the rural elderly women； livingalone elderly widows； social support

一、研究背景

老龄化问题一直是学术界研究和政府工作的重点问题。由于女性具有生存优势，女性人口的平均预期寿命要高于男性人口，所以在人口老龄化过程中最为突出的是人口女性化。……