文/乔纳森·格兰西 译/陈岩

缔 造 巴 黎 的 人

文/乔纳森·格兰西 译/陈岩

In the 19th Century George-Eugène Haussmann1（1809—1891），法国政治家、拿破仑三世时期的重要官员，因主持了1853年至1870年的巴黎重建而闻名。completely redesigned and rebuilt the French capital. Jonathan Glancey2英国皇家建筑师协会的荣誉院士，英国《卫报》建筑与设计栏目的编辑人。describes how the city of today was born. 19

Paris remains one of the world’s most visited cities, and of those tens of millions drawn to its remarkably compact centre each year, the Marais3玛黑区介于现在的巴黎第三区与第四区之间，没有经历奥斯曼的改造，是巴黎最古老的街区，也是巴黎当今最时尚前卫的地方。district exerts a magnetic pull.Fashionable among aristocrats before Louis XIV4（1638—1715），波旁王朝的法国国王。—the “Sun King”—moved his court from Versailles51682年路易十四把宫廷从巴黎迁至凡尔赛，1789年10月又被迫迁回巴黎。, this pungent66 pungent刺鼻的。quarter of narrow streets and jumble7jumble杂乱的一堆。of historic houses and courtyards sank into near-squalor8squalor肮脏；邋遢。in succeeding centuries before its renaissance9renaissance复兴。in recent decades as a charming labyrinth10labyrinth迷宫。of fashion boutiques, cafés, restaurants, museums and galleries.

[2] Walking through these lively and endearing medieval streets, it seems almost incredible that they were once considered the enemy, to be demolished11demolish拆毁，拆除（建筑物）。in haste—and not, it has to be added, by the German military,who had less than healthy designs on Paris at various times between 1870 and 194512这期间法德之间发生过三次战争。. No, it was none other than the Emperor of France, Napoleon III13（1808—1873），1848年当选法兰西第二共和国总统，1852年称帝，建立法兰西第二帝国，1870年普法战争失败后退位。, and his Prefect144 prefect（法、意、日等国家的）地方行政长官；省长；县长。for the Seine15塞纳省是法国历史上的一个省份，1790年设立，1968年撤销。, George-Eugène Haussmann—who died 125 years ago—who had districts like the Marais in their sights.

[3] Like much of Paris, however,the Marais stank to high heaven in 1853 when the emperor instructed Haussmann to rebuild the odorous city along grand and salubrious lines16along/on (the) … lines〈非正式〉按……方式。.Entire medieval quarters of the city were to be razed with modern avenues taking their place. “It was the gutting of177 the gutting of 原意为掏空，这里理解为由内而外焕然一新。Paris,” wrote Haussmann proudly in hisMemoires.

Demolition man

[4] A public administrator with no training in architecture or urban planning, Haussmann turned Paris into a titanic18titanic巨大的。building site for 20 years.Even though he was forced to resign in 1870 as the emperor faced growing criticism for excessive expenditure,work on Haussmann’s plan continued until the late 1920s.

[5] Conceived and executed in three phases, the plan involved the demolition of 19,730 historic buildings and the construction of 34,000 new ones. Old streets gave way to long, wide avenues characterised by rows of regularly aligned19align排列整齐。and generously proportioned neo-classical apartment blocks faced in creamy stone.

[6] Along with imperious20imperious盛气凌人的。avenues,Haussmann engineered grand squares,city parks modelled on London’s Hyde Park21海德公园占地160万平方米，是英国伦敦最知名的公园。, a comprehensive sewage system,a new aqueduct22aqueduct人工水道；高架渠。giving wide access to fresh water, a network of underground gas pipes for lighting streets and buildings, elaborate fountains,grandiloquent23grandiloquent夸张的，夸大的。public lavatories24lavatory厕所；盥洗室。and rows of newly planted trees.

[7] This urban infrastructure was matched by bold new railway stations—Gare du Nord and Gare de L’Est255巴黎北站和巴黎东站位于巴黎市区北部的第10区，两座火车站之间相距300米。—the opulent26opulent豪华的；阔气的。Paris Opéra27巴黎歌剧院（Opéra de Paris）又称为加尼叶歌剧院（Opéra Garnier），是由查尔斯·加尼叶（Charles Garnier ）于1861年设计的，将古希腊罗马式柱廊、巴洛克等几种建筑形式完美地结合在一起，规模宏大，精美细致，金碧辉煌，被誉为是一座绘画、大理石和金饰交相辉映的剧院。, new schools,churches, two dozen city squares, a brace of28a brace of 一对。ambitious theatres at Place du Châtelet29夏特莱广场取名自同名的一座古城堡，广场西侧是巴黎最大的剧院夏特莱大剧院，东侧是市立大剧院。