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浅谈如何提高小学生英语写作能力

2017-02-06高丽

读写算·素质教育论坛 2017年4期
关键词:语段句型写作能力

高丽

中图分类号:G623.24 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1002-7661(2017)04-0067-02

写作是人们交流与沟通的重要手段之一。写作能培养学生创造性地使用语言进行思维和表达情感的能力。但不少学生英语写作存在畏惧心理,尤其是学习能力不强的学生。他们在写作时心里有话却表达不出来,对于学过的单词、句型也不会综合运用。要培养学生的写作能力,提高学生的语段写作能力是关键。我结合自身教学实践,对提高学生的语段写作能力进行了探索。

有些学生学习英语时间较短,词汇量不丰富,语法知识匮乏,容易受到母语思维的影响,难以写出成形的文章。因此,要培养学生的写作能力,提高学生的语段写作能力是关键。而提高学生的简短语段写作能力,可以用“三步训练法”进行实践。

第一步:说“说一句话”训练

英语语段写作训练应起始于口头作文,即说话训练,而最根本的还是以写话为目的的“说一句话”训练。

我先告诉学生:我们在描述某个地方有什么景物时可使用There be句型;然后引导学生练习说“There is /are…”这个句子。There be句型对学生来说并不陌生,学生纷纷举手发言。

S1: There is a river.

S2: There is the sun.

S3: There are trees.

学生说的句子比较单一,于是我又补充:我们可以在名词前面加上一些形容词,让语言更加丰富,如长长的河流、高高的山等。在我的引导下,学生思维活跃,他们输出的句子更加丰富多彩。

S1: There is a long and clean river.

S2: There is the big sun in the sky.

S3: There are some green trees.

接着,我适时引导学生:在描写图片时,除了说一说图中的景物之外,还可以说一说图中的人物在干什么,可以用现在进行时态描述他们正在做的事情。我给学生列出了句型结构:人+is / are +干什么+地点。学生根据句型结构,开始练习说出以下一些句子:

S1: The man is sleeping under the tree.

S2: The grandma is listening to music under the tree.

S3: The baby is crying. He is very sad.

在这个环节中,我变换了说的形式,如四人小组合作说句子、同桌比赛说句子、推选说句子大王等。学生觉得这样的练习活动不枯燥,他们兴趣盎然地说出了各自的句子。

第二步:“写一句话”训练

在进行了大量的“说一句话”训练后,我在黑板上写下句型一“There is / are …”和句型二“…is/ are…”,要求学生在句型框架的帮助下把刚练说的完整、通顺的句子写下来,进而进入了写话训练的环节。由于上一环节的训练到位,此时大部分学生能写出很多句子,基础薄弱的学生在老师的引导下,也能写出多个完整的句子。例如:

S1: There are clouds and the sun in the sky. The young man is under the tree. He is sleeping. The boy is crying. The old woman is listening to music. The bird is singing .

S2: Today is very hot. Its in the park. The tree is very tall. The sun is red. The river is long. There are four girls. They are rowing a boat. The boy is catching butterflies. He is sad. The man is sleeping under the tree.

S3: There are two mountains. There is a small bird. Its flying near the tree. There are two tall trees. An old woman is listening to music. A man is sleeping under the tree. There is a long river. Four girls are rowing the boat. The sun is big. The sky is blue.

刚开始进行写话训练应遵循“起点低、坡度小”的原则,重表扬,多鼓励。学生能写一句完整的话后,再提出适当的要求,引导学生从各方面来写句子,比如图片中的物、景、人等。此阶段还要帮助学生解决一些拼写方面的困难,让学生从能写一句话到写好一句话,再到能写好多句话。

第三步:“连句成段”训练

把话写完整靠“练句”,把话写连贯则靠“连句”。在整个语段写作训练中,句子是基础,“连句”是关键。

我在教学中引导学生仔细看图,弄清楚四要素,即时间、地点、人物、事情,再按照一定的顺序把刚写下来的句子进行排列整合,最后“添头加尾”,写出一个完整的语段。

经过三个步骤的训练,学生的作品非常精彩。前面两个语段范例经过学生的修改,语言更加丰富,意思更加连贯。

S1: Its in the park. There are clouds and the sun in the sky. There are some mountains, some trees and a long river. The bird is singing. The young man is under the tree. He is sleeping. The old woman is listening to music. Four girls are rowing a boat in the river. They are happy.

S2: Today is very hot . its in the park. The sky is blue. The sun is red. The clouds are white. The tree is very tall. The river is long. The birds are flying. The boy is catching butterflies. He is sad because he cant catch the butterfly. There are four girls. They are rowing a boat in the river. They are very excited. The man is sleeping under the tree. Its a lovely park.

S3: Its a sunny day. The sun is hot and the sky is blue. There are some white clouds in the sky. There are many green mountains and trees. There is a long river. There is a boat in the river. The small bird is singing and dancing. The butterfly is flying. Under the tree, an old woman is listening to music and a young man is listening to music and a young man is enjoying the sunshine. They are so happy. But the boy is crying. He is so sad. Today is a nice day!

在平时的教学中,教师可用很多方法指导学生在“练句”的基础上进行“连句”训练。例如,教师可以引导学生熟读、背诵一些语段,体会其内在的联系,在头脑中积累一些课文中的语段的范式。

要提高学生的语段写作能力,不是一朝一夕的事,它需要一个较长的过程。只要教师多实践,多思考,一定会有更多的方法帮助学生提高语段写作能力,让学生更好地、创造性地使用所学语言进行表达。

(责任编辑 刘 馨)

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