基于最小二乘法的GM1 1模型在我国猪肉产量预测中的应用研究
2017-01-18王洁吴天魁王波
王洁 吴天魁 王波
摘要猪肉产量受诸多因素影响,因此数据波动性大,并且具有小样本性及贫信息等特点.本文采用基于最小二乘法的GM(1,1)模型对我国未来几年内猪肉产量进行了短期预测.首先,介绍了GM(1,1)模型;然后,通过最小二乘法的原理弱化波动较大的数据,减少随机性,加强规律性,建立基于最小二乘法的GM(1,1)模型;其次,结合2008至2014年我国猪肉产量数据建立预测模型;最后,使用2014年数据对模型的可靠性进行验证,基于最小二乘法的GM(1,1)模型的预测结果更加接近实际值.预测结果显示未来3年中国猪肉产量将持续增加.该模型为其他相关预测提供了理论依据,也便于我国对未来猪肉产品市场进行宏观调控,维持猪肉市场平衡,避免猪肉价格波动风险.
关键词预测;猪肉产量 ;GM(1,1)模型 ;最小二乘法
中图分类号F307.3 文献标识码A
AbstractPork production is affected by many factors, so it's data volatility is large, and has the characteristics of small sample and poor information and so on. In this paper, GM (1,1) model based on the least squares method was used to forecast the pork production in China in the coming years. First of all, the GM (1,1) model was introduced, and the principle of least squares was used to weaken the data with large fluctuation, to reduce the randomness, to strengthen the regularity and to build the GM (1,1) model based on the least square method. The forecast model of pork production in China was established with data of 2008 to 2014, and the reliability of the model was validated by the data of 2014 and the predictions of GM (1,1) model based on the least squares method was more close to the actual value. The forecast results show that China's pork production will continue to increase in the next three years. This model provides a theoretical basis for other related forecasts. It also facilitates the macro regulation of the pork market in the future and maintains the pork market balance to avoid the risk of pork price fluctuation.
Keywordsprediction; pork yield; GM (1,1) model; least squares method
1引言
生猪养殖业占据我国畜牧业的半壁江山,是国家大力扶持的产业[1].猪肉价格大幅波动对CPI(consumer price index居民消费价格指数)有明显的推动作用,由于CPI 大幅增长会对整个国民经济系统产生很大影响,所以,稳定猪肉价格就像稳定粮食、电力、石油等商品的价格一样,具有战略意义[2].据USDA统计数据,14年全球肉类市场主要参与国猪肉总产量为1.1亿吨,而中国猪肉总产量为5 671万吨,占到51.3%,居于世界首位.猪肉产量稳定发展与否,关系到中国农业发展、农村建设和农民增收.
多年来许多学者从不同角度对猪肉生产进行了有益的研究.主要包括猪肉市场……
