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劳动生产率增长源泉与收敛研究

2017-01-18肖景午游永铭

经济数学 2016年4期

肖景午 游永铭

摘要在异质性人力资本的条件下,把劳动生产率增长分解为效率的改变、技术改变、人力资本及物质资本.用核密度函数及回归方法分别对劳动生产率增长及收敛性进行了研究.结果表明:①劳动生产率分布由单峰变为多峰,其在初级与高级人力资本下的原因分别为技术改变、物质资本与人力资本;②全国的劳动生产率是β收敛的,而西部并不存在β收敛;③效率改变及技术改变促进了劳动生产率的发散,而人力资本积累及物质资本积累上促进了劳动生产率的收敛.

关键词劳动生产率分解;经济增长与收敛;核密度函数;异质性人力资本

中图分类号F224.0文献标识码A

AbstractBased on human capital of heterogeneity, labor productivity growth was decomposed into efficiency change, technical change, human capital and physical capital. Kernel density function and regression methods were employed to research the labor productivity growth and the convergence respectively. The results showed that:①A unimodal distribution of labor productivity became multimodal gradually. However, on the environment of junior and senior human capital, its causes were advances in technology, physical capital and human capital respectively;②the countrys labor productivity was β convergence, but in the western region of China,it was not β convergence; and ③efficiency change and technological change promoted the divergence of labor productivity, but human capital accumulation and the accumulation of physical capital promoted the convergence of labor productivity.

Keywordslabor productivity growth;convergence of economic;kernel density function; human capital of heterogeneity

1引言

经济增长与收敛一直是经济的热点.对于经济增长的问题,一般认为资本及劳动是经济增长的源泉;而对经济收敛问题理论界有着不相同的看法,认为经济会收敛的主要代表理论有技术扩散理论及以Solow为代表的新古典经济理论.认为经济不收敛的理论是以罗默(Paul Romer)和卢卡斯(Robert Lucas)为代表的“新增长理论”,其认为主要是技术进步促进经济增长,从而不会收敛.由于劳动生产率是一定时期单位劳动所产生的产出,故经济的增长与收敛影响着劳动身产率的增长与收敛性.

针对劳动生产率增长与收敛问题,国内外学者做了大量研究.辛永容、陈圻(2009)运用制造业数据得出劳动生产率增长的重要来源是各地区行业本身劳动生产率的内部提升.[1]高帆(2007)也指出各……

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