王晓晨　李圣　乔媛媛

摘要：采用质化深度访谈方式，辅以半结构访谈大纲来搜集并研究6位太极拳长期习练者身心经验构建的历程。太极拳长期习练者其拳龄从9至35年不等，年龄则介于27至73岁之间，其中3名男性、3名女性。研究发现：1）太极拳习练者习练缘起主要有求知性、人际关系、审美意象等三个方面；2）太极拳习练者从技入艺，再由艺入道的身心经验构建历程适切Klob的经验学习理论，是由具体经验、观察反思、抽象概念化及积极实践四阶段构成的学习圈不断循环提升的过程；当习练者达到“身心平衡”时，会略过反思直接进入实践阶段；当身心冲突或遇到身心水平较高的“他者”并以之为学习榜样时，会让习练者产生反思；3）影响太极拳习练者之身心经验建构的关键因素主要有：高明的太极拳老师引领，练习者的习练心态及良好习练氛围的营造等。4）在经过太极拳长期习练及领悟后，能给习练者的身体机能、觉察能力、生活模式、心性与处世态度等带来影响与改变。

关键词：太极拳；身心经验；构建历程；身心学

中图分类号：G852.11文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-2076（2016）05-0083-08

Abstract：his study uses qualitative in-depth interviews， supplemented by semi-structured interview to collect and study the construction process of physical and mental experience of 6 long-term ai-chi practitioners （3 male and 3 female）. he age of the practitioners is between 27 and 73 years old， and the practice time is from 9 to 35 years. [JP2] Research hasfound： 1） here are three reasons for practicing ai-chi： knowledge-seeking， interpersonal relationship and aesthetic images； 2） he construction process of physical and mental experience ofai-chi practitioners is from technique to art and finally to concept， which is consistent with the experience learning theory of Klob；It is a process of continuous improvement of the learning cycle that is composed of four stages： specific experience， reflective observation， abstract conceptualization and active practice. When practitioners reach the balance between body and mind， they will directly enter the practical stage without reflection； yet， when practitioners experience physical and mental conflict or meet other people who are in higher body and mind level and make them as studying examples， they will produce reflections； 3） he key factors of construction of physical and mental experience of ai-chi practitioners are： the guidance of ai-chi masters， practice mentality and good practice atmosphere， etc. 4） Long time practicing and understanding can influence and change the practitioners' body function， awareness， mode of life and the nature of mind and attitude.

Key words：ai-chi； physical and mental experience； construction process； somatics

太极拳以其融拳、哲、医于一身，兼有技击、健身和养生的多重价值而成为维护人类身心健康的重要一脉；其“贵自然，陶冶人的和谐观念；求虚静，培养人的最佳情感；重养气，融健身修心于一体；尚直觉，体悟拳理与人生”[1]的高雅气质赢得了越来越多国内外健身修心人群的青睐。然而太极拳作为中国身体文化的表征，深铭其内的重直觉、重意、重体悟[2]的习练风格，具有主张认知与修养一致，将本体论、认识论与道德论三合为一的特征。……