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晚清使西日记中的体育记载研究

2017-01-18谢丹

山东体育学院学报 2016年5期
关键词:体育

谢丹

摘要:运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法对晚清时期使西人员的撰著进行了全面系统的分析,查找出著述中有关“体育”的记载,并进行归纳与分类。研究认为:晚清使西日记中体育记载的项目种类繁多;悉数为国人闻所未闻;考察全面,包括对规则、场地器材的记述;文化冲突,含有主观色彩。晚清使西日记在引进西方近代体育中的作用主要体现在三个方面。器物层面:西方近代体育项目的最初译介;西方近代体育技术、规则的最早传入;西方近代体育场地器材的最早详细考察。制度层面:体育教育体制的求索。思想层面:强种强国体育思想的早期传播;妇女解放思想的早期倡导。

关键词:近代;使西大臣;欧美;日记;体育

中图分类号:G812.9文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-2076(2016)05-0066-07

Abstract:With the methods of literature review and logical analysis, the author has made a comprehensive and systematic analysis on the writings by ambassadors to the West in the late Qing Dynasty, found out and classified the records about "sports". tudies suggest that the recordings have documented a wide range of projects, almost all of which have never been heard or known by the Chinese people at that time; the investigation was complete, covering the recordings on the sports rules, fields and equipment; there was cultural conflict with subjective color in the recordings. he role of the recordings in introducing the West modern sports is mainly reflected in three aspects; first, implement aspect: it is the initial translation of Western modern sport, the earliest introduction of Western modern sports technology and rules, and the earliest detailed inspection in Western modern sports equipment; second, institutional level: it is a seeking for physical education system; third, ideological level: it is the early spread of powerful sports ideology, and an early advocate of women emancipation.

Key words:modern; ambassador to the West; Europe and the United tates; writings; sports

1问题与提出

晚清使西日记,是指晚清时期奉旨出使西方的使臣及其从僚所撰的日记[1] 。19世纪80年代之际,使西日记曾经风靡一时,这些文献通过各种途径在社会上传播,为人们了解西方社会和文化做出了贡献。日记中记载了西方的风土人情,并把西方的体育见闻也收录其中,这些体育史料在引进西方近代体育中的作用不可忽视。19世纪60年代以后,清政府向西方派遣使臣的原因是什么,是在何种契机下萌生了使西的举动,既之出现了西方体育的记载,并在此刻发生了中西方体育的碰撞与交流。

1.1使臣西方遣派溯源

清代向西方派遣使节可谓是亘古未有之事。自满人入主中原,建清以后,外交方面沿袭了元、明两朝的朝贡体制,将周边国家如朝鲜、越南、缅甸等作为自己的藩属国。……

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