陈致印++何佳慧++许泽文

摘 要：该文以早竹竹叶为研究对象，pH7.8的磷酸缓冲溶液为提取剂，采用微波提取法，并用考马斯亮蓝染色法测定蛋白质含量，在料液比、提取时间、提取温度、微波功率等单因素试验的基础上，进行L9（34）正交试验设计，优化了微波提取早竹竹叶蛋白的工艺参数。结果表明：各因素对早竹竹叶蛋白质的提取率的影响顺序依次为：微波时间>微波温度>微波功率>料液比。微波提取早竹竹叶蛋白的最佳工艺条件为：料液比为1∶25，微波时间为8min，微波温度为54℃，微波功率为500W，在此最佳条件下，提取率为8.07%。

关键词：早竹竹叶；蛋白质；微波

中图分类号 S795 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2016）24-0103-04

Optimization of Microwave Assisted Protein Extraction from Phyllostachys praecox Bamboo Leaves

Chen Zhiyin et al.

（College of Agriculture and Biotechnology，Hunan University of Humanities，Science and Technology，Loudi 417000，China）

Abstract：Taking the leaves of Phyllostachys praecox bamboo as material，phosphate buffer solution as extract solvent，and the protein content was determined by Coomassie Brilliant Blue Staining. On the basis of single factor tests of solid-liquid ratio，microwave time，microwave temperature and microwave power，L9（34）orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the extraction of Phyllostachys praecox bamboo leaves. The results showed that the effect of the investigated factors on the extraction yield of Phyllostachys praecox bamboo leaves protein was in sequence of microwave time，microwave temperature，microwave power，solid-liquid ratio.The optimum conditions of microwave-assisted extraction of Phyllostachys praecox bamboo leaves protein were：solid-liquid was 1∶25，microwave time was 8min，microwave temperature was 54℃，microwave power was 500W. Under these circumstances，the extraction rate of Phyllostachys praecox bamboo leaves protein reached 8.07%.

Key words：Phyllostachys praecox bamboo leaves；Protein；Microwave

早竹（Phyllostachys praecox）为禾本科刚竹属植物，笋期在3月下旬至4月上旬或更早，故称为早竹。经周兆祥研究[1]发现早竹竹叶中含有机酸、酚类化合物、蛋白质、多糖等有机物，且富含钙、硅等矿物元素，其丰富的化学成分使其具有抗氧化、抗衰老、调节血脂等[2]生物功能。目前对早竹竹叶的研究大多数侧重在糖类、叶绿素、黄酮、竹叶的抗氧化活性及天然竹叶饮料[3]等方面，而关于竹叶蛋白则少有研究，近年竹叶蛋白被发现有抗菌[4]、防霉、防腐[5-6]等功能，如何提高竹叶蛋白质的提取率，成为了近年来研究的热点。本文以早竹竹叶为试材，以料液比、微波时间、微波温度和微波功率为考察因素，研究微波提取方法对早竹竹叶蛋白得率的影响，以期为工业开发竹叶蛋白提供理论依据[7]。

1 材料和仪器

1.1 材料 早竹竹叶粉由采摘自娄底人文科技学院毓师园的早竹竹叶晾干制成粉，过80目筛。蒸馏水……