赵茜

[摘 要] 研究各国能源比价有利于推动建立合理的能源比价关系和价格水平，对协调我国能源产业发展、优化能源消费结构、促进节能减排等具有重要的意义。基于热值、终端等效和完全成本三种方法研究了国内能源比价和国际能源比价的关系，对我国能源价格水平进行了评估。基于热值的比价分析结果显示，我国工业电价总体相对较低。基于终端等效的比价分析显示，我国能源比价与国际水平的差距更大，我国工业电价相对较低，居民气价与居民电价更低。基于完全成本的比价分析结果显示，气、电与煤炭的比价低于国际平均水平。我国能源比价可以参考国际水平进行适当调整。

[关键词] 能源比价;热值;终端等效;完全成本

[中图分类号] F206 [文献标识码] A

The International Energy Price Comparison Analysis

ZHAO Xi

Abstract： Analyzing the international energy price comparison is helpful to promote the establishment of reasonable energy comparison relations and the price level， and has important significance on the coordinated development of Chinas energy industry， the structure of energy consumption optimization and energy conservation and emissions reduction. Researching the relationship between the domestic energy price and the international energy price comparisonby means of three methods in terms of calorific value， terminal equivalent and complete cost， energy price in China was evaluated. According to the analysis of calorific value， results show that Chinas the overall industrial electricity price is relatively low. According to the analysis of terminal equivalent， resultsshow that thegap of energy price comparison between our China and international level is bigger， and the residents gas price and electricity price is lower. According to the analysis of complete cost， results show that the price of gas， electricity and coal is lower than the international average level. Therefore， Chinas energy price comparison can refer to the international level.

Key words： energy price comparison， calorific value， terminal equivalent， complete cost

一、背景、意义和研究进展

能源比价，是指各种常规能源的价格比，以及常规能源与二次能源之间的价格比。分析能源比价的基本前提是能源是否具有可替代性和强关联性。合理能源比价关系既能反映各种能源资源的赋存条件和稀缺性、引导能源的合理利用，又能反映各能源产业开发利用的成本、促进能源结构的优化和协调发展。

研究能源比价关系具有重要意义：一是有利于推进能源产品的价格改革，协调能源产业发展;二是有助于发挥价格的经济杠杆作用，促进环保技术等发展，实现能源消费结构的优化;三是可以为重新估量石油、煤炭、天然气、电、热等产品的价值提供决策基础，避免价值失衡或其波动过于剧烈;四是有利于实现国内外能源利用基本均衡;五是有利于促使真正的节能技术的开发利用，达到真正节约能源目的。……