陈卫华+张洁+金梅红

摘 要 目的：了解奉贤区孕前检查人群中影响优生疾病及高风险因素，减少出生缺陷风险，提高出生人口素质。方法：对2015年1月1日至12月31日1 185对准备怀孕夫妇进行病史询问和体格检查。结果：女性检出各类疾病902人，检出率76.1%；生殖道感染870人，占受检率73.4%。影响女性优生前3位疾病分别为宫颈炎、盆腔炎、阴道炎。男性检出各类疾病581人，检出率49%。吸烟是影响优生的第1位危险因素，肝脏疾病及血压异常是影响男性优生的主要疾病。结论：孕前优生健康检查能及时发现影响优生的疾病及不良因素，从而早期干预降低不良妊娠结局和预防出生缺陷发生。

关键词 孕前健康检查 高风险因素 分析

中图分类号：R715.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2016）-22-0060-03

Analysis of pre-pregnancy health examination results of 1 185 couples in Fengxian District

CHEN Weihua， ZHANG Jie， JIN Meihong（Nanqiao Community Health Service Center of Fengxian District， Shanghai 201499， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To know the prenatal diseases and high risk factors which influence on eugenics in the prepregnancy check population in Fengxian District to reduce the risk of birth defects and improve the quality of the birth population. Methods： From January 1to December 31， 2015， the medical history inquiry and physical examination were made for 1 185 couples who were intention to pregnancy. Results： Nine hundred and two women were detected to have different kinds of diseases， and the detection rate was 76.1%. Eight hundred and seventy cases of reproductive tract infections were detected， accounting for 73.4% of the detected rate. The top 3 diseases affecting women eugenics were cervicitis， pelvic inflammation and vaginitis. Five hundred and eighty-one men were detected to have all kinds of diseases， and the detection rate was 49%. Smoking was the first risk factor affecting eugenics. Liver disease and abnormal blood pressure were the main diseases affecting male eugenics. Conclusion： Pre-pregnancy health examination can detect diseases and adverse factors affecting eugenics so that the early intervention can reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes and prevent birth defects.

KEY WORDS pre-pregnancy health examination； high risk factor； analysis

近几十年，随着卫生状况和生育医疗保健水平的提高，婴儿死亡率逐渐下降，但由于出生缺陷造成的胎儿和婴儿死亡比重却在逐渐增加[1]。已有研究表明，怀孕前妇女的生殖健康状况直接关系到出生人口素质和国民整体的健康水平[2]，本文对我区孕前优生门诊2014年检查的夫妇的进行病史询问及体格检查，对检出疾病（异常）结果进行分析，对存在优生高风险因素的夫妇，给予健康生活方式的指导干预及进一步的检查治疗或者转诊。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

2015年1月1日至12月31日奉贤区共有1 185对准备怀孕夫妇参加孕前检查，女性年龄22～42岁，男性年龄22～45岁。

1.2 方法

对1 185对准备怀孕夫妇进行病史询问、体格检查（常规检查、女性生殖系统检……