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摘 要 目的：了解近3年金山区朱泾镇中小学生视力不良变化趋势，分析学生视力不良发生原因，为制定中小学生近视预防控制策略提供依据。方法：收集2014—2016年15 953人中小学生健康监测体检资料，按学段、性别分析学生视力不良发生、发展状况。结果：2014—2016年中小学生总体视力不良率略有下降；女生视力不良率高于男生，男女生视力不良率均随年龄增长而增长；小学生视力不良以中度为主，初中生以中重度为主，高中生以重度为主。结论：社会对中小学生视力不良应引起足够的重视，教育行政部门、学校、家长和学生应共同努力，采取综合性措施防治近视。

关键词 视力不良 用眼卫生 中小学生

中图分类号：R778.1+1 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2016）22-0049-03

Analysis of the prevalence of the poor vision of the primary and middle school students in Zhujing Community of Jinshan District， Shanghai

Nie Lianlian， PENG Yanying（ Zhujing Community Health Service Center of Jinshan District， Shanghai 201599， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To learn the trend of the poor vision change of the students in the primary and middle schools in Zhujing Community of Jinshan District in recent three years， and analyze the causes of poor vision to provide the basis for the formulation of myopia prevention and control strategy. Methods： The data of the health monitoring physical examination of 15 953 students of primary and middle schools were collected in the community from 2014 to 2016， and the occurrence and development status of the poor eyesight of the students were analyzed according to school stage and sex. Results： The overall poor eyesight rate of the students in the primary and middle schools decreased slightly in general from 2014 to 2016. The girls poor vision rate was higher than the boys， and the poor vision rates of the boys and girls increased with their ages. The poor vision of the pupils was in moderate degree， that of the students in the junior high schools was in moderate to severe degrees， and that of the students in senior schools was in the severe degree. Conclusion： The society should pay enough attention to the poor eyesight of the students of primary and middle schools. Educational administrative departments， schools， parents and students should work together to take comprehensive measures to prevent myopia.

KEY WORDS students of primary and middle schools； poor vision； eye health

学生近视是世界范围的青少年健康问题[1]。中国青少年视力不良患病率长期居高不下，患病总人数居世界第一，且处于逐年增加、发生年龄提前的状态[2-3]，带来了严重的健康威胁和经济负担[4]。如何正确有效的“防近”成为国内外共同关心的公共问题。本文根据2014—2016年3次学生体检资料，对朱泾镇学生视力不良状况进行动态分析，旨在了解和掌握朱泾镇青少年视力变化趋势，探索学生视力不良发生、发展规律，为学校防治视力不良工作提供科学依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

整群抽样选取金山区朱泾镇两所高中、两所初中、两所小学2014—2016年的所有学生（初三、高三和个别漏检学生除外）的15 953名学生的视力体检资料。

1.2 方法

对本镇6所学校3年来参加体检的中小学生视力检查结果进行分析。……