鲜切西兰花的保鲜技术研究
2016-11-30冯嫣张怀智
冯嫣+张怀智



摘 要:对西兰花进行鲜切保鲜试验,结果表明,鲜切西兰花在室温的情况下,营养成分流失过快并发生发霉腐烂等现象。在处理当天,叶绿素从686.78 mg·kg-1下降到418.48 mg·kg-1,下降了27%,Vc从1.341 6 mg·g-1下降到0.875 4 mg·g-1,下降速度较快。在0 ℃与4 ℃的情况下,叶绿素分别下降到671.91 mg·kg-1和616.29 mg·kg-1,Vc下降到1.212 5 mg·g-1和1.103 7 mg·g-1,营养成分下降较缓慢。低温贮藏不仅保持了西兰花中的水分,而且有效降低了Vc、叶绿素和还原糖以及其它营养成分的流失。薄膜包装较好地保存了其中的营养成分,降低了失重率,叶绿素下降速度缓慢,第3天下降到584.32 mg·kg-1,而Vc则下降到1.176 4 mg·g-1。较厚的薄膜可以更好地保持其中的营养成分。经对比,采用“清清美”保鲜膜来进行包装效果更好。
关键词:鲜切;西兰花;包装;温度;保鲜技术;营养成分
中图分类号:S609+.3 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.11.007
Abstract: The experiment for the fresh keeping of fresh cutting broccoli was conducted. The results showed that for fresh cutting broccoli at room temperature, there were excessive loss of nutrients and moldy and rotten phenomenon. Chlorophyll decreased from 686.78 mg·kg-1 to 418.48 mg·kg-1, by 27% in the day of treatment. Vc from 1.341 6 mg·g-1 down to 0.875 4 mg·g-1, a faster decline. At 0 ℃ and 4 ℃, the chlorophyll were decreased to 671.91 mg·kg-1 and 616.29 mg·kg-1, Vc decreased to 1.212 5 mg·g-1 and 1.103 7 mg·g-1, making the nutrient composition decreased more slowly. Low temperature storage could not only keep the moisture in broccoli, and but also effectively decreased the Vc, chlorophyll, reducing sugar and other nutrients loss.Film packaging had better effect of preservation of the nutrients, reducing the weight loss rate. Chlorophyll and Vc decline rate were slow, on the third day was 584.32 mg·kg-1 , 1.176 4 mg·g-1. But thicker films could maintain the nutritional composition more better. By contrast, the "clear the United States" plastic wrap had better packaging effect.
Key words: fresh cut broccoli; temperature; packaging; preservation technology; quality
西兰花为1~2年草本植物,是一种很受人们欢迎的蔬菜,又名绿花菜、青花菜。它不仅有防癌的功效,而且味道鲜美,营养价值高,还有很高的药用价值。此外,西兰花还是一种很好的美容佳品。西兰花植株高大,顶端群生花蕾,紧密群集成花球状,根茎粗大表皮薄,人们食用其花蕾与嫩茎。据分析,西兰花中的Vc含量是菜花的3倍、洋白菜的2~3倍、是西红柿的5~6倍[1-5];钙是菜花的3倍、番茄的8倍。被誉为 “蔬菜皇冠”。
人们购买西兰花大都以整株为主,在购买以后必须进行洗涤、切割处理等才可以食用[6-7]。西兰花因为根茎占据比例大,而且根茎不易食用,人们购买回来都会将其扔掉,为自然环境增添了不必要的垃圾。所以,鲜切西兰花不仅可以将根茎集中回收处理,还可以节约消费者的时间,而且集中收回的垃圾也可以集体处理,达到变废为宝的目的。……
