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天津市2016年夏季农业气象条件分析

2016-11-30宫志宏郭晶孟凡超何丽烨

天津农业科学 2016年11期

宫志宏 郭晶 孟凡超 何丽烨

摘 要:根据天津市13个固定气象站的观测资料,分析了2016年夏季天津市的气温、日照、降水等3个气象要素的变化趋势和特点,并与历史同期气候条件进行对比,分析夏季农业气象条件对玉米、冬小麦等大田作物的影响,得出“夏季气温持续偏高,日照充足,降水偏多,6月的冰雹和大风对局地农业生产造成一定影响,7月强降水过程影响玉米后期产量,农业气象条件整体利弊参半”的结论,同时提出相应的农事生产建议。

关键词:夏季;农业气象条件;玉米;冬小麦

中图分类号:S164 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.11.032

Abstract: According to the observational data of 13 meteorological stations in Tianjin, the characteristics and trend of temperature, sunshine and precipitation were analyzed and compared with the same period in history. The effect of agro-meteorological conditions in summer on maize, winter wheat and other field crops were analyzed and the conclusions as below: From June to August, temperatures were above average, sunshine and precipitation were sufficient, but hail and gale disaster caused a certain loss of agricultural production,at the same time strong precipitation process caused a certain influence on the yield formation of maize. Agro-meteorological conditions in this summer had advantages and disadvantages. At last, the suggestions of agricultural production were proposed.

Key words: summer; agro-meteorological conditions; maize; winter wheat

1 2016年夏季氣候概况

如图1所示,2016年夏季天津市全市平均气温26.4 ℃,较常年偏高0.8 ℃,各区县月平均气温25.5(宝坻)~27.4 ℃(市区)。与常年同期相比,各站气温均较常年偏高,偏高幅度为0.3(北辰)~1.7 ℃(蓟县)。6月全市平均气温25.0 ℃,较常年偏高0.6 ℃。7月全市平均气温27.3 ℃,较常年偏高0.7 ℃。8月全市平均气温26.9 ℃,较常年偏高1.2 ℃。

如图2所示,天津市全市夏季平均降水量490.6 mm,较常年偏多3成以上。各区县降水量427.4(武清)~566.4 mm(滨海新区中部),较常年偏多5%(蓟县)~55%(市区),市区降水量546.4 mm,为2000年以来历史同期第1位。全市平均降水日数为32 d,较常年同期偏多2 d。6月全市平均降水量107.7 mm,较常年偏多3成以上,7月全市平均降水量260.6 mm,较常年偏多7成以上,8月全市平均降水量122.3 mm,接近常年略偏少。夏季降水在空间上总体呈南多北少的分布趋势。

如图3所示,天津市全市夏季平均日照时数为594.1 h,较常年偏少59.4 h。各区县日照时数为470.6(滨海新区北部)~678.5 h(宝坻),其中,北辰、宝坻、蓟县偏多,偏多幅度为4.3(北辰)~62.7 h(蓟县),其他区县均偏少,偏少13.5(东丽)~231.5 h(滨海新区北部)。……

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