晚熟葡萄脉冲渗透式双重杀菌贮藏保鲜综合技术研究
2016-11-30王金锋王录俊朱志强李蕊樊晓锋刘
王金锋+王录俊+朱志强+李蕊+樊晓锋+刘小娟+张平



摘 要:以陕西关中地区产晚熟“红地球”葡萄为试材,进行连续3年集成全程温控精准管理、气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂技术试验。结果表明,每箱装5 kg葡萄,经脉冲式杀菌+渗透式葡萄专用保鲜剂(7+2)处理,贮藏期间冷库温度控制在-0.5~-1.5 ℃时,可使晚熟红地球葡萄贮藏保鲜时间由原来的45~60 d延长到140~175 d,而葡萄综合品质不发生显著改变。因此,入库前脉冲式杀菌,入库后经渗透式葡萄专用保鲜剂杀菌,保鲜剂搭配方式及使用剂量为(7+2)组合时,为陕西关中地区产红地球葡萄贮藏保鲜的最佳组合。
关键词:晚熟葡萄;脉冲式杀菌;渗透式杀菌;贮藏保鲜
中图分类号:S609+.3 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.11.006
Abstract: Taking late-maturing "Red Globe" grape of Shanxi Guanzhong area as the material, through three years the experiment was conducted during which the whole process using integrated management of temperature control precision, modified atmosphere, chemical preservatives technology. The results showed that for each box containing 5 kg of grapes, after pulse type sterilization + osmosis type grape fresh-keeping agent (7+2) treatment, and controlling cold storage temperature at 0.5~1.5 ℃, the fresh-keeping technology could make the late–maturing grape fresh-keeping time extended from 45~60 days to the present 140~175 days, and grapes quality did not changed significantly during the period of storage. Therefore, for “Red Globe” grape fresh-keeping in the Guanzhong region of Shaanxi the best combination technology includes by the pulse type sterilization before entering storage, and by the osmosis grape fresh-keeping agent sterilization after entering storage, and the fresh-keeping agent combination method and the dose for (7 + 2).
Key words: late-maturing grape; pulse type sterilization; penetration type sterilization; fresh-keeping
葡萄产业是近年来陕西继苹果、猕猴桃之后发展的重要水果产业。截止目前,陕西省鲜食葡萄种植面积近4.67万hm2,其中渭南市是陕西省葡萄最集中的产区,种植面积超2.67万hm2(占全省的约60%),年总产量48×104 t,产值30亿元,成为该区域优势农业产业和农民致富的支柱产业。在渭南市主栽品种红地球面积超2万hm2,其中主产区渭南市临渭区红地球种植面积达1.40万hm2,占该区总种植面积1.67万hm2的84%以上[1-2]。由于种植品种单一,9—10月份集中上市,11月份基本结束,翌年1—4月特别是春节葡萄销售就成为空缺。多年来当地由于缺乏葡萄贮藏保鲜技术,加之受当地气候(葡萄成熟期降雨偏多)、立地及果农生产观念等条件限制和影响(如单产偏高,所产葡萄含糖量和硬度偏低,入贮时预冷不及时,超时预冷,包装、保鲜剂的种类及剂量不匹配等),用传统葡萄贮藏保鲜技术仅可保鲜45~60 d。……
