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用小种特异分子标记分析2015年云南小麦条锈菌的生理小种组成

2016-11-17浦仕献杨雅婷张培花李锐马艳彭莞

天津农业科学 2016年9期

浦仕献+杨雅婷+张培花+李锐+马艳+彭莞云+杨静+李成云+刘林

摘 要:用 7个小麦条锈菌生理小种分子标记(条中23,条中29,条中 31,条中32,条中33,,V26和水源型)分析云南省小麦主产区采集的1 206份小麦条锈病的样品,进行生理小种检测分析。结果表明:2015年条中33号生理小种(CYR33)在云南各小麦主产区的检出率都是最高的,其检出率都在90%以上,是云南各小麦主产区的优势小种;在用近几年新出现的新菌系V26新菌系检测云南的小麦条锈菌时,发现V26新菌系在云南小麦条锈菌中的检出率也较高,各地的检出率均达72.0%以上,后期有可能上升为小麦条锈菌的优势小种;另外,单个病斑能够检出1~7个不等的小麦条锈菌生理小种,而且95%以上的样品能够从单个病斑上检出3个或3个以上的生理小种,这暗示着小麦条锈病存在多个小种复合侵染的情况且很普遍。

关键词:小麦条锈菌;小种特异分子标记;生理小种

中图分类号:S435.121.4+2 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.09.006

Abstract: In this study, physiological races, including 1 206 samples of wheat strip rust gathered from Yunnan Province, were monitored by using 7 physiological races specified primer of PST (CYR23, CYR 29, CYR 31, CYR32, CYR33, CYRSU and V26). The result showed that CYR33 detection rate is the highest, being above of 90%, and it is the predominant races in Yunnan Province in 2015. The race of V26, a new PST pathotype in recent years, had virulence to stripe rust resistance gene Y26 which was widely used in wheat breeding programs in China. The V26 specific marker was first used to detected physiological race of wheat stripe rust in Yunnan, and the rates was more than 72.0% among different areas, and V26 could be the dominant race. In addition, 1~7 physiological races were detected from single disease spot in all samples. And the proportion of samples, detected 3 or more than 3 physiological races from single disease spot, was above 95%. It was implied that for wheat stripe rust disease the mixed infection phenomenon is widely spread.

Key words: Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici Eriks; race-specific-molecular-markers; physiological race

小麦条锈病(Puccinia striiformis West. f. sp. tritici Eriks.)是严重威胁小麦安全生产的重大流行性病害,其发生危害已有三千多年的历史。在我国,小麦条锈病以其发生区域广、致害性变异快、流行频率高、危害损失重等特点成为小麦稳产、高产的主要障碍。

监测小麦条锈菌生理小种的组成情况是研究合理布局小麦品种、防治小麦条锈病发生和流行的基础,并可为抗病育种提供信息。长期以来,人们通过鉴别寄主进行小麦条锈菌生理小种的鉴定。但是,小麦条锈菌为专性寄生真菌,用鉴别寄主鉴定和监测小麦条锈菌的生理小种均需在感病品种铭贤169上进行扩繁后,再利用鉴别寄主进行生理小种划分。……

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