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老挝主要土壤类型基本性质及其改良利用

2016-11-17陈桂芬何明菊韦显恒刘忠黄树生

天津农业科学 2016年9期

陈桂芬+何明菊+韦显恒+刘忠+黄树生+黄雁飞+韦能+黄武杰+黄玉溢+唐其展

摘 要:以老挝土壤为研究对象,对老挝土壤的形成条件、主要土壤类型的基本性质及改良利用进行论述,旨在为老挝土地资源的合理开发利用和土壤改良、培肥地力提供参考。通过收集老挝土壤相关资料、实地调查及采样分析,结果显示,老挝主要土壤类型以低活性强酸性土、高活性强酸性土、高活性淋溶土为主,基本性质为酸、薄、瘦,质地偏砂,以砂壤土为主,适耕性较好。改良利用过程中主要是中和土壤酸度,提高土壤有效磷含量,增加有效钙、镁的供应量,降低交换铝的毒害作用;同时,增加有机肥,适当施用氮、钾肥,提高土壤生产力。

关键词:土壤类型;基本性质;改良利用;老挝

中图分类号:S156 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.09.002

Abstract: With soils in Laos as study objects, the soil-forming, the properties of basic soil types, and soil improvement were discussed, which provides a reference for the improvement of soil fertility, the rational development and utilization of soil resources in Laos. The soil data, the field investigation, and the analysis of soil samples in Laos were conducted. The results showed that soil types in Laos were mainly Acrisol, Alisol, and Luvisol, characterized acid reaction, thin of soil layer, infertility, sandy loam, and the better workability of soil. On basic of soil agrochemical characters, it is necessary to neutralize soil acidity and the decline of acidity would increase phosphorus effectiveness and the supply of Ca and Mg, and reduce the toxicity of exchangeable Al. Meanwhile, more organic fertilizer should be used, and nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied rationally in soil in Laos, soil productivity could be increased.

Key words: soil type; basic property; improvement and utilization; Laos

农业是老挝国民经济建设和发展的支柱产业,在老挝国民生产总值中占有极其重要的地位[1]。土壤是农业的基础,是作物生长的基地,作物生长所需的养分70%来源于土壤。由于老挝农业发展相对较落后,受资金投入不足、农业服务体系不健全等因素的制约,老挝农业的单位面积产量在东南亚国家中是最低的。近年来,随着老挝人口的增长和经济的发展,土地管理技术和经验的缺乏,老挝土壤肥力正面临着衰退的威胁,大部分地区的土壤肥力在下降。如水土流失严重、强降雨将肥沃的表土层冲刷掉,留下贫瘠的土壤,导致土壤沙化、有机质等养分含量下降、土壤酸化,地下水较少[2],对农业生产产生极不良的影响,引起了老挝国家有关部门的重视。……

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