王道士名称考
2016-11-10方广锠
方广锠

内容摘要:考察了关于王道士名称的6种原始资料后指出:王道士俗名王福琳,出家为道士后称王园禄,逝世后按照道教习俗被称为王园箓。至于目前最为流行的王圆箓,至今并未发现确凿的文献依据。按照“名从主人”的原则,应将王道士称作王园禄。
关键词:王道士名称;王福琳;王园禄;王园箓;王圆箓
中图分类号:G256.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2016)04-0111-08
Abstract: This paper examines six kinds of first-hand materials about the titles of Taoist Priest Wang, and comes to the conclusion that he was originally named Wang Fulin, was named Wang Yuanlu(王园禄)when he became a Taoist priest, and after his death was called Wang Yuanlu(王圆箓)according to Taoist custom. Wang Yuanlu(王圆箓)was the most popular name for him, though no exact textual evidence about this has been found so far. This paper proposes that according to the principle of “complying with original forms of expression,”Taoist Priest Wang should be called by his original name of Wang Yuanlu(王园禄)
Keywords: name of Taoist Priest Wang; Wang Fulin; Wang Yuanlu; Wang Yuanlu
一 前 言
谈到敦煌莫高窟藏经洞,有一个人是回避不了的——王道士。藏经洞的发现与他有关,洞内文物的流散与他有关。但是,虽然时间相距才百年有余,藏经洞的发现与文物流散已经演变成若干个各说各话的故事。王道士逝于1931年,至今尚不足百年,但他是哪里人,叫什么名字,似乎都有点模模糊糊。
王道士姓王,这一点没有争议。他的名称是什么,流传着各种不同的说法。学术界、社会上对他的称呼,或作王圆箓、或作王园禄,乃至王圆禄、王园箓等,各有不同。上述四种称呼还可以说是各有所据或渊源有自,但百度百科称他“一作元录”,就不知道依据何在了。30多年来,上述诸种名称中,“王圆箓”这一称呼似乎有越来越定于一尊的趋势,但王圆箓这个名字,至今找不到可靠的文献出处。目前流行的敦煌学相关论著,有些研究者所依据的原始资料中明明写的是“园禄”或“园箓”,但他们的录文却会变成“圆箓”,或许就是受上述趋势影响的缘故,这也是一个很有意思的文化现象。但也有研究者别出机杼,认为王道士应名法真,应称作王法真。……
