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P.2569背面两首傩歌的校补定名及相关问题

2016-11-10任伟

敦煌研究 2016年4期

任伟

内容摘要:敦煌文献P.2569背面《儿郎伟》之前的文书,黄征先生视其为两首诗歌作品,拟名为《银歌》、《金歌》,并未进行释读;张锡厚先生主编的《全敦煌诗》(第12卷)首次释录了该作品,题名为《儿郎伟》驱傩词,但仍有未尽之处。结合图版再次释读,确认该作品是两首与驱傩有关的诗歌,并从几个方面厘定为可能反映敦煌西汉金山国时期宫廷驱傩活动的儿郎伟作品。

关键词:傩诗;金吾将军;儿郎伟;西汉金山

中图分类号:G256.1 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000-4106(2016)04-0074-06

Abstract: Dunhuang academic Mr. Huang Zheng previously regarded the texts written on the reverse side of P.2569 as two poems and named them Silver Song and Gold Song, but he did not interpret or collate them. Mr. Zhang Xihou was the first to collate the poems, and he entitled them ErLang-Wei under the category of ancient sacrificial ceremony words in Vol.12 of his Compilation of Dunhuang Poetry(2006), but his interpretation is not sufficient. Combining the plates, this paper attempts to collate the document again, confirms that both poems are about ancient sacrificial ceremonies, and concludes that they are likely works on the activities of exorcising evil spirits and welcoming gods held by the Jinshan Kingdom court at Dunhuang.

Keywords: Nuo Poems; general of imperial guard troops; Erlang-Wei; Jinshan Kingdom under the tile of Western Han;

一

敦煌遗书中王重民先生编为P.2569的文献是一个汉藏文文献杂抄的写卷,正面全为藏文、背面也有20余行藏文而被抽归法藏藏文文献,编号为P.T.113。该写卷背面抄录了多首题为“儿郎伟”的汉文作品,已由黄征先生辑录校注,收入其所编《敦煌愿文集》[1]。在《儿郎伟》之前还抄有两首作品,黄征先生在《敦煌文学〈儿郎伟〉辑录校注(P3552、P2569)》校记中拟名为《银歌》、《金歌》,认为非《儿郎伟》,与驱傩无关而未作校录[2]。张锡厚先生主编的《全敦煌诗》第12卷首次释读并收录了该作品,题名为无名氏《儿郎伟二首》[3]。兹先将张先生的释文抄录如下:

(其一)

银山银带关。银坡银岸□。银□□欲多。银门银户坐。银树银花。银叶银□。银河银樽必酒成。银□银铛如酒著。银鹅袍袴。总继银做。□已带车乘。庄铰钉丛多。总市买卖将银针。小儿游去掷银锁。坐卧常向南岳界。澡浴常用银娑罗。大富大贵总如此。今宵故此来驱傩。

(其二)

金庭金阙,金柱金门。金鞍金马,里有金人。东厨金釜,百燃金薪。金盘九阙,金盏金樽。……

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