张驰

内容摘要：山西省和顺县境内，分布着大量北朝至隋代的摩崖造像，沙峪摩崖造像便是其中具有代表性的一处，从现存造像铭文看，开始营建的时间上限是北魏永安二年（529），下限是隋开皇十年（590）。该摩崖造像有如下几个特点：一、造像保存相对完好，有大量的题记铭文；二、北魏永安二年张还香等人所刻的《观世音菩萨普门品》全品经文，是目前国内已知有确切纪年的早期《观世音菩萨普门品》刻经，对研究中国早期的佛教刻经具有十分重要的意义；三、隋开皇年间的塔形龛，其独特的造型样式，在国内佛教造像题材中少见，具有很高的艺术价值；四、家族性的造像铭文，对于研究山西境内北朝、隋代民间的佛教信仰以及地理、行政沿革提供了新的资料。该处摩崖造像暴露于野外，长期处于无人管理的状态，风化剥落严重，亟待保护。

关键词：和顺县；沙峪摩崖造像；北魏《观世音菩萨普门品》刻经；隋代塔形龛

中图分类号：K879.29 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2016）04-0001-18

Abstract： Heshun county in Shanxi Province is scattered with cliff sculptures dating from the Northern Dynasties to the Sui dynasty， notable among which are those found at the Shayu Cliffs. According to extant inscriptions， these sculptures were first constructed no earlier than the second year of the Yongan era（529）and no later than the tenth year of the Kaihuang era（590）. The statues are distinguished for the following features： 1. the sculptures are well preserved and many are accompanied by inscriptions that can be easily identified； 2. the full text of The Universal Gate of Avalokitesvara engraved by Zhang Huanxiang and others is believed to be the earliest version of such cliff carvings to date and is therefore of great importance for the study of early Chinese Buddhist carvings； 3. the unique form of the pagoda-shaped shrine sculpted in the Sui dynasty is rare among Buddhist images in China， and so it is of high artistic value； 4. inscriptions on family sculptures provide new material for studying geographic and administrative changes in addition to revealing common， regional Buddhist beliefs in the Northern Dynasties and the Sui dynasty. Having been abandoned and exposed in wild field， the cliff sculptures exhibit serious deterioration， such as weathering and flaking， and are badly in need of preservation.

Keywords： Heshun County； Shayu cliff scultpures； The Universal Gate of Avalokitesvara； pagoda-shaped shrine

一 沙峪摩崖造像概述

沙峪摩崖造像位于山西省和顺县阳光占乡沙峪村东侧、西清漳河北岸，东北方距县城30千米左右。地理坐标位置：N：37 15.089 E：113 16.350，X：0435457 Y：4124736 海拔：1318米。其周围东、西、北三面皆是山，南邻省道318线。龛像凿于北面山岗的石壁上，坐北朝南。距省道高约3米，距西清漳河直线距离约500米。当地人称此处摩崖造像地点为“寺上”，据说曾出土过铜钟一口。摩崖所在台地南侧，紧邻318省道旁立有石碑一块，石质为红沙砾岩，由于年岁日久，碑文剥蚀不可辨。……