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合理调控利用当地水资源与提高田间用水效率

2016-11-08约日古丽·阿不都吾甫尔

中国建筑科学 2016年9期
关键词:效率

约日古丽·阿不都吾甫尔

摘 要:依据干旱区的水资源条件和可持续利用的要求,以水资源合理利用为中心,根据资源共享,高效经济,统筹协调和持续利用的原则,采取除害与兴利,水量与水质,开源与节流,工程与非工程措施的结合,根据市场经济规律和经济社区发展需要,以供定需,以水定地,以水定规模,以水定经济结构和生产力布局,实行水资源总量控制和定额管理,利用各种可利用水资源,在流域和区域间,对各部门用水进行优化调度,使有限的水资源最大限度地满足社会,经济,资源,环境协调发展的需要。

水资源配置的内涵概括起来,就是通过工程措施改变水资源的天然时空分布,以适应生产力布局并实现经济,社会及生态环境协调发展。通过非工程协调强化水资源的科学管理,提高水资源的利用率。

关键词:水资源; 用水; 效率

Abstract: According to the requirements of conditions and the sustainable use of water resources in the arid zone, water resources rational utilization centric take pesticides and Hennessy, quantity and quality, according to the principle of resource sharing and efficient economy, coordinate and sustainable use of combination of revenue and cutting expenditure, engineering and non-engineering measures, according to the rules of market economy and economic needs of the community development, for given demand, water set, water set scale, to water down the economic structure and the distribution of productive forces, the implementation of water resources total control and quota management, using a variety of available water resources, and to optimize the scheduling of the various departments of water in the basin and inter-regional, limited water resources to meet the needs of society, economy, resources, environment and coordinated development.

Connotations of water resources allocation summed up by engineering measures to change the natural spatial and temporal distribution of water resources, in order to adapt to the distribution of productive forces and achieve coordinated development of economic, social and ecological environment. By non-engineering coordination to strengthen the scientific management of water resources, improve the utilization of water resources.

Key words: water resources; water; efficiency

1.合理调控利用当地水资源

1.1井渠结合,地上水地下联合运用

水资源总源于天然降雨,降雨入渗地下形成土壤水和地下水,产生地表径流。通过对大气降水,地表水,土壤水,地下水及植物水的调控转化,最大限度地把天然降雨转化为可利用的水资源,这是合理调控水资源的出发点和目标。实现这个目标关键是调控地下水埋深在临界动态:旱季在2~3m,雨季前在4~6m,雨季在0.5~1m。尽量减少潜水蒸发,增大降雨入渗,减少径流流失,防涝防渍防盐,增强伏雨洗盐及淡化地下水的作用。调控的基本途径是井渠结合,地上水地下水联合运用。……

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