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流域水资源管理的基本体制与其核心制度

2016-11-08艾则孜·阿不都热西提

中国建筑科学 2016年9期

艾则孜·阿不都热西提

摘 要:在人类开发利用水资源的全过程中,水资源管理是其中的重要问题,只有通过有效的管理措施,才能达到预期的效果和目标。目前,内陆干旱区绝大多数河流都存在水资源过度开发利用问题,引水无节制,保护无措施,管理无效力,由此引发出许多水事纠纷、坏境问题和社会矛盾。目前,我们缺的不是水资源开发利用中的行为能力,而缺失的是约束人类失当行为的管理效能,因此,水资源管理体制的改革与创新是一件十分迫切的大事。当前流水资源危机问题的根本原因,在于传统水资源管理思路下的水资源管理制度及实践已不适应新时期水资源管理的需要,因而要改变传统思路,树立新的水资源管理思路。

关键词:水资源管理;基本体制;核心制度

Abstract: In the whole process of human development and utilization of water resources, water resources management wear them only through effective management measures in order to achieve the efficiency targets. Currently, the vast majority of inland arid zone river over-exploitation of water resources utilization, diversion uncontrolled, no protection measures, the management has no effect, which caused many water disputes, bad environmental problems and social conflicts. Currently, we are not missing in the development and utilization of water resources, the capacity, but the missing management performance constraints of human misconduct, water resources management system reform and innovation is a very urgent event. The current water resources crisis the root cause of the problem is the water management system under the traditional water resources management thinking and practice no longer suited to the new era of water resources management the shape need, they would have to change the traditional ideas Oh, and establish a new water management ideas.

Key words: water resources management; basic system; core system

1.流域水资源管理的基本体制

按照《中华人民共和国水法》规定,目前我国水资源管理的基本制度大致包括以下几个方面:①水资源属国家所有,其所有权由国务院代表国家行使。②国家鼓励单位和个人依法开发、利用资源,并保护其合法权益。开发、利用水资源单位和个人有依法保护水资源的义务。③国家制定全国水资源综合规定。开发、利用、节约、保护水资源和防治水害,应当全面规划、统筹兼顾、标题兼治、综合利用、讲求效益,发挥水资源的多种功能,协调好生活、生产经营协和生态坏境用水。④国家对用水实行总量控制和定额管理相结合的制度,国务院发展计划主管部门和水行政主管部门负责全国水资源的宏观调配。……

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