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足月儿发生呼吸窘迫综合征的高危因素分析

2016-11-07陈娟丁永星赖永艺

中国实用医药 2016年26期

陈娟 丁永星 赖永艺

【摘要】 目的 探讨足月儿发生呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的高危因素。方法 62例RDS足月儿作为研究对象, 62例足月正常新生儿作为对照, 对围生期RDS高危因素、基本情况进行总结分析。RDS足月儿再根据胎龄分为A组(胎龄37~38周, 42例)、B组(38+1~41+6周, 20例), 比较两组临床特点。结果 男性、宫内感染、败血症、剖宫产、母亲妊娠糖尿病是足月儿发生RDS的高危因素(P<0.05), 另外比较两组RDS足月儿发现A组剖宫产率、胸部 X 线≥Ⅲ级率、肺部感染率(71.43%、52.38%、47.62%)高于B组(40.00%、25.00%、20.00%), 差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 足月儿发生RDS是由多种因素共同作用的结果, 临床上应加强对足月儿RDS高危因素的重视, 并采取有效措施降低足月儿RDS患病率。

【关键词】 足月儿;呼吸窘迫综合征;高危因素;临床特点

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.26.012

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate high risk factor for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in term infant. Methods There were 62 term infants with RDS as research group, and 62 normal term infants as comparative control. Summary and analysis were made for perinatal high risk factor and general condition of RDS. RDS infants were further divided by gestational age into group A (gestational age as 37~38 weeks, 42 cases) and group B (gestational age as 38+1~41+6 weeks, 20 cases) for comparison of clinical characteristics between them. Results The high risk factors for RDS in term infant included male, intrauterine infection, septicemia, cesarean section and gestational diabetes (P<0.05). Comparison between two groups of RDS infants showed that group A had higher rates of cesarean section, chest X-ray≥grade Ⅲ and pulmonary infection (71.43%, 52.38%, 47.62%) than group B (40.00%, 25.00%, 20.00%). The difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion RDS in term infant is induced by multiple factors, thus enhanced clinical attention to high risk factor for RDS in term infant and implement of effective measures are necessary to reduce morbidity of RDS in term infant.

【Key words】 Term infant; Respiratory distress syndrome; High risk factor; Clinical characteristics

RDS由于各种原因引起肺表面活性物质(PS)原发或继发性缺乏, 导致由肺泡壁至终末细支气管壁嗜伊红透明膜形成和肺不张, 以致新生儿生后不久出现进行性呼吸困难、发绀、呼吸衰竭为主要临床表现的严重肺部疾病[1]。新生儿RDS多发于早产儿 [2], 但也有报道显示近年来RDS发病比例在足月儿中逐年升高[1]。本研究通过分析足月儿RDS临床资料, 总结其发生RDS的高危因素。现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1. 1 一般资料 选择2013年1月~2015年12月本院收治的62例RDS足月儿作为研究对象, 另外选取62例本院产科出生的足月正常新生儿作为对照。其中RDS足月儿中男44例,

女18例;足月正常新生儿中男32例, 女30例。RDS足月儿再根据胎龄分为A组(胎龄37~38周)、B组(38+1~41+6周), 其中A组42例, 男30例, 女12例, B组20例, 男14例, 女6例。RDS足月儿纳入标准:①根据临床表现、血气分析及影像学等检查, 符合新生儿RDS 诊断标准[3], 即出生后不久出现吸气三凹征、呼吸急促(>60次/min)、呼气性呻吟、呼吸暂停、呼吸浅快不规则、发绀、口吐泡沫等进行性呼吸困难;肺部呼吸音减弱或消失;动脉二氧化碳分压升高且血氧分压下降, 采用鼻导管吸氧或面罩吸氧无法纠正低氧症状, 必须进行呼吸机辅助通气治疗;……

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