上海气象因素对PM2.5等大气污染物浓度的影响
2016-11-05汤羹马宪国
汤羹+马宪国


摘要:统计了上海市2013年6月至2014年5月PM2.5、NO2、SO2月平均质量浓度和气象条件,分析了气温、风向、风力、降水量、湿度与污染物月平均质量浓度的相关性.结果发现:气温与污染物质量浓度呈负相关性;夏季的主导风向有利于污染物扩散和稀释,而冬季的主导风向则可引起污染物聚集;风力的增强有利于污染物扩散;降水是颗粒污染物沉降的方法之一,但在不产生降水的情况下湿度增大会造成二次气溶胶的生成,使得污染物质量浓度增加.
关键词:气象因素; PM2.5; NO2; SO2
中图分类号: TK 01 文献标志码: A
Abstract:Monthly average concentration of PM2.5,SO2,and NO2 and meteorological conditions in Shanghai from June 2013 to May 2014 was summarized.Correlation between monthly average concentration of air pollutants and temperature,win direction,wind power,rainfall,and humidity was analyzed.The negative correlation between temperature and concentration of air pollutants was found.The predominant wind direction in summer was helpful to the diffusion and dilution of air pollutants,while the predominant wind direction in winter would cause the accumulation of air pollutants.However,the enhanced wind power favored the diffusion of air pollutants.Rainfall was one method to cause the precipitation of particles in air pollutants.The increasing of humidity without rainfall could result in the formation of secondary aerosol and thus the growing of air pollutant concentration.
Keywords:meteorological condition; PM2.5; NO2; SO2
近年来,多次席卷全国多地的持续雾霾天气引起了人们的高度关注,雾霾天气已严重影响了人们的生活环境.上海市能源消费量居全国榜首,高密度的能源消费导致上海市大气污染问题越来越严重[1-2].而细颗粒物PM2.5长期悬浮于空气中,是形成雾霾天气的主要原因.
由于上海市采取了一系列工业生产清洁排放措施,在PM2.5的本地排放源中,流动源已取代工业生产及燃煤成为占比最高的污染物来源.因此,上海市PM2.5等大气污染物的防治重点在于控制流动源排放和周边区域输送.大气污染物流动源排放和区域间传输都与气象因素相关.而上海是沿海城市,地处长江中下游平原,天气条件复杂多变,四季气候特征明显,气象因素是影响大气中PM2.5、NO2、SO2等污染物质量浓度的重要因素之一.
1 数据分析
Ye等[3]认为上海PM2.5的质量浓度变化存在季节性特征.上海空气质量指……
