胡佩俊+贾子龙+顾敏

摘要：为了保证大容量汽轮发电机组转子轴系在电厂的长期安全运行，其横振特性在设计及运行阶段均须满足相应的评判标准.总结了国内外标准及行业标准中对于发电机组转子轴系横振特性的评判要求，运用Riccati轴系传递矩阵法分别计算了600 MW、1 000 MW等级大型发电机组轴系临界转速，并结合权威测试机构对机组的现场升降速试验数据进行了调研，将多组计算和试验得到的转子轴系临界转速与相关标准进行了对比.分析结果表明，现行横振评判标准具有较好的适用性，并建议可将频率、响应、敏感度等指标结合，以评判发电机组横振特性的优劣，进一步提高标准的适用性，从而提高大型汽轮发电机组轴系设计的可实现性.

关键词：发电机组； 评判标准； 横振； 临界转速

中图分类号： TK 263 文献标志码： A

Abstract：To ensure the longterm safe run of large capacity turbogenerators，the rotor shaft system should meet the evaluation criteria of lateral vibration in the design and operation process.The criteria at home and abroad as well as industrial standards for the shaft lateral vibration were collected and summarized in this paper.Several groups of critical speed for 600 MW and 1 000 MW turbogenerators rotor shaft were calculated using Riccati transfer matrix method.At the same time，those critical speeds from the authoritys field testing were presented.Comparative analysis between these calculated and testing results was conducted.It found that the existing evaluation criteria or standards were proved to have relatively high applicability.Some suggestions were provided that more factors such as vibration frequency，response and sensitivity should be included to judge the lateral vibration performance of generator set，which could make the existing evaluation criteria or standards more applicability.Therefore，the rotor shaft design of large capacity turbinegenerator set had good realizability.

Keywords：generator set； evaluation criteria； lateral vibration； critical speed

大容量发电机组由于转子细长比的减小，其轴系临界转速走低是普遍存在且较难避免的现实问题.评判轴系横振动力特性是否符合设计要求涉及到选用何种设计标准.目前，国内外标准及行业标准对于轴系设计横振特性的评判不尽相同，有些规定临界转速须避开量为主要评判标准，有些则更关注轴系在不平衡量作用下横向振动响应水平.标准的制定是一项系统性工程，涉及到大量计算和试验，合理的标准应在保证机组长期安全运行的前提下具有较高的适用性，使绝大部分发电机轴系设计能够顺利……